Test #1 Review - Microbiology PDF

Test \#1 Review Chapter 1 - Intro - Know the general characteristics of the different types of microorganisms (bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungus, algae, helminths) - Review the scientists and their important contributions to microbiology (Jenner, Koch, Pasteur, Semmelweis, Rinaldi, Fl...

Test \#1 Review Chapter 1 - Intro - Know the general characteristics of the different types of microorganisms (bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungus, algae, helminths) - Review the scientists and their important contributions to microbiology (Jenner, Koch, Pasteur, Semmelweis, Rinaldi, Fleming, etc) - Define microbiome and know why it is important to human health - Define pathogen, genus, species, bacteriology, mycology, virology, immunology Chapter 4-- Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes - Know the differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell - Review the characteristics and structures of prokaryotes (cell wall, flagella, capsule, pili,p plasmid, endospores, etc) and understand the functions of these structures - Know how the cell wall of a gram positive and gram negative cell wall differ - Understand how to interpret a bacterial gram stain and be able to identify different bacterial shapes Chapter 8 Genetics - Know the process/product of transcription and translation; know where these occur in prokaryotes (versus eukaryotes) - Understand the bacterial operon and gene expression; know the difference between an inducible gene and a repressible gene and how gene expression benefits bacteria - Understand the mechanisms of gene transfer (conjugation, transduction, transformation) used by bacteria and how this contributes to a bacteria's ability to cause disease or resist antibiotics - Know the difference between horizontal gene transfer and vertical gene transfer Chapter 20 -- Antimicrobial drugs - Review antibiotic use (broad spectrum, narrow spectrum, recommendations) - Review general antibiotic modes of action (know the mode of action for penicillin, isoniazid) - Define and know the benefits/disadvantages to using broad spectrum versus narrow spectrum antibiotics - Know what category of microorganisms are affected by antibiotics versus antivirals, antifungals, and antiprotozoal medications - Understand the concept of selective toxicity - Review methods to test antibiotic efficacy (Kirby Bauer disk diffusion) - Define MIC versus MBC - Be able to explain the importance of responsible antibiotic use to prevent the development of microbial resistance - \***Microorganisms to know (gram stain, shape, pertinent characteristics )** Staphylococci Streptococci *Staphylococcus aureus* -- gram + cocci in clusters; resident bacteria in some people; known to cause disease Bacillus -- gram + bacillus; genus known to form endospores ; example: *Bacillus anthracis* Clostridium - gram + bacillus; genus known to form endospores ; example: *Clostridium difficile* *Escherichia coli*