Early Modern English Past Paper PDF

1. The Early Modern English period lasted approximately from: #b)1400–1700 2. What happened to the pronunciation of final -e in words like *name*? #b) It was dropped but affected the previous vowel 3. What happened to the "gh" sound in words like *night* and *laugh*? # a) It beca...

1. The Early Modern English period lasted approximately from: #b)1400–1700 2. What happened to the pronunciation of final -e in words like *name*? #b) It was dropped but affected the previous vowel 3. What happened to the "gh" sound in words like *night* and *laugh*? # a) It became /f/ in some words 4.In Early Modern English, many words beginning with kn- (e.g., *knight*) changed by #a) Dropping the initial /k/ sound 5. Which vowel change occurred in Early Modern English? #a) Middle English /oː/ → Modern English /uː/ (*boot*) 6. The r sound in some dialects of English (such as RP) became: #b) A silent or reduced sound 7. Which of the following consonants was often dropped in Early Modern English? #d) All of the above 8. What happened to unstressed syllables in Early Modern English? #b) They became shorter or reduced to schwa (/ə/) ++++ 9. The pronunciation of words like *love* and *move* changed because: #a) The vowel sound was shortened 10. Which of the following is an example of a consonant simplification in Early Modern English? #a) The loss of /k/ in *know* ==== 11. The word *busy* was pronounced in Middle English with a /uː/ sound. How did its pronunciation change? #a) The vowel shifted to /ɪ/ (*bɪzi*) 12. During the Early Modern English period, which of the following happened to long vowels? #b) They shifted upwards in pronunciation ==== 13. Which of these words changed in pronunciation due to Early Modern English phonetic changes? #d) All of the above 14. What happened to the /r/ sound in words like *far* and *car* in some dialects? #a) It became silent 15. Why did spelling remain largely unchanged despite phonetic changes? # a) The introduction of the printing press 16. What is one effect of Early Modern English vowel shifts on modern pronunciation? #d) All of the above 17. The word *tune* in Middle English was pronounced with a long /uː/. What happened in Early Modern English? #a) It changed to /juː/ (*tjuːn*) 18. What was the effect of vowel changes on rhyming poetry? #a) Older rhymes no longer worked in Modern English 19. Which of these consonants were often silent in Early Modern English? #d) All of the above 20. Which major event contributed to phonetic standardization in Early Modern English? #b) The invention of the printing press 21. What event in 1066 significantly influenced the development of Middle English? #b) The Norman Conquest 22. Middle English was spoken approximately between: #b) 1066–1500 23. The primary influence on Middle English vocabulary came from: #c) French 24. What happened to Old English inflectional endings during the Middle English period? #a) They disappeared 25. Which dialect of Middle English later developed into Standard English?  #c) East Midlands 26. What was a major phonetic change in Middle English? # A) The loss of final unstressed vowels 27. The word order in Middle English became: # B) More rigid and dependent on word order 28. Which Middle English author significantly influenced English literature? #B) Geoffrey Chaucer 29. The Middle English sound þ (thorn), which represented th, was later replaced by: # C) Th 30. The word "knight" in Middle English was pronounced as: #D) /knɪxt/ 31. Middle English saw an increase in loanwords from: # B) French 32. In Middle English, many unstressed vowels were pronounced as: # C) /ə/ 33. By the end of Middle English, the -es ending was used to indicate: #A) Plural nouns 34. What happened to verb conjugation in Middle English? #C) It was simplified 35. The spelling of Middle English was largely: #B) Phonetic and inconsistent 36. Which period marks the transition to Early Modern English? #B) 1400–1600 37. The loss of silent letters in words like knight and gnaw is an example of: # A) Consonant simplification 38. The pronunciation of final -e in Middle English words such as *name* was:  #B) Lost in most cases 39. The Early Modern English period was significantly shaped by: #A) The Great Vowel Shift 40. The Great Vowel Shift primarily affected: #B) Long vowels 41. The Great Vowel Shift occurred between: #B) 1400–1600 42. The vowel in time shifted from: # A) /iː/ to /aɪ/ 43. The Great Vowel Shift made English: similar to Germanic languages #C) More difficult to read phonetically 44. Which word shows a result of the Great Vowel Shift? #A) Bite (Middle English: /biːtə/ → Modern English: /baɪt/) 45.Which grammatical feature was lost in Middle English compared to Old English? #A) Dual pronouns 46. What happened to Old English grammatical gender in Middle English? #B) It was replaced by natural gender 47. In Middle English, which case system feature from Old English was greatly reduced? #A) Accusative and Dative distinctions 48. What happened to Old English strong and weak verb distinctions in Middle English? #B) Strong verbs became more regular 49. How did Middle English plurals typically form, replacing Old English inflections? #A) By adding –es 50. Which of the following is an example of a Middle English grammatical innovation? #A) The use of do-support in questions and negatives 51 Which of the following is a key stylistic feature of scientific writing? #B) Objectivity and precision 52 Scientific writing primarily focuses on: #C) Clarity and logical argumentation 53 Which grammatical structure is commonly used in scientific writing? #A) Passive voice 54 Why is passive voice often used in scientific writing? #A) To emphasize the action rather than the performer 55 Scientific language is generally: #B) Formal and precise 56 Which of the following is not a feature of scientific writing? #C) Ambiguity and vagueness 57 The use of technical terminology in scientific writing is meant to: #B) Increase objectivity and clarity 58 Why is precision important in scientific writing? #A) To ensure accuracy and prevent misinterpretation 59 Which pronoun is least commonly used in scientific writing? #C) "I" 60 What is the purpose of citations and references in scientific writing? #a) To provide credibility and acknowledge sources 61 Scientific writing typically avoids: #a) Subjectivity and bias 62 A well-written scientific paper must include: #c) Clear structure and logical argumentation 63 What is the main purpose of publicistic style? #b) To inform, influence, and persuade the public 64 Which of the following is a characteristic of publicistic style? #b) Expressiveness and emotional appeal 65 Publicistic style is most commonly found in: #b) Political speeches, newspapers, and essays 66 Which type of sentence structure is frequently used in publicistic writing? #c) A mix of both short and complex sentences 67 Publicistic style often includes rhetorical questions to: #b) Engage the audience and provoke thought 68 Which of the following is not a typical feature of publicistic style? #c) Impersonal and detached tone 69 Publicistic writing is often characterized by: #b) Subjectivity and author’s attitude 70 Which of the following is a frequent technique used in publicistic style? #c) Metaphors, similes, and allusions 71 What is the primary function of publicistic style in political speeches? #c) To persuade and mobilize people 72 Why do publicistic texts often use repetition? #b) To emphasize key ideas and create a strong impact 73 What role does figurative language play in publicistic style? #a) It makes the text more emotional and memorable 74 Which of the following is a major difference between publicistic and scientific styles? #a) Publicistic style is more expressive and emotional 75 What is an editorial in the context of publicistic style? #c) An opinion-based article in a newspaper 76 Why is direct address to the audience often used in publicistic writing? #a) To engage the reader and make the message personal 77 Which of the following best describes pathos in publicistic writing? #b) Emotional appeal to the audience 78 What is logos in publicistic style? #b) The use of logical arguments and facts 79 Which type of tone is most common in publicistic writing? #b) Persuasive and engaging 80 Why do newspaper articles often start with the most important information? #b) To keep readers engaged and informed quickly 81 The use of headlines in publicistic writing serves to: #b) Provide a clear and concise summary of the article’s message 82 What type of appeal does publicistic style rely on the most? #a) Emotional and logical appeals 83 What is the primary function of official style in communication? #b) To convey information in a formal and structured manner 84 Which of the following is a characteristic of official style? #b) Clarity, precision, and standardization 85 Official style is commonly used in: #b) Government documents, legal texts, and business communication 86 Which of the following best describes the tone of official style? #b) Objective, formal, and impersonal 87 The use of passive voice in official style is common because: #a) It emphasizes the action rather than the doer 88 Which of the following phrases is a cliché often found in official style? #a) "In accordance with the rules" 89 Official documents often avoid ambiguous expressions because: #a) They should be clear and legally precise 90 Which of the following is an example of bureaucratic redundancy? #b) "It is absolutely essential to comply with the stated requirements." 91 Why is standardized vocabulary important in official style? #a) To ensure clarity and avoid misinterpretation 92 Which of the following is a common cliché in official language? #a) "At this moment in time" 93 What is a disadvantage of using too many clichés in official writing? #b) It can make the writing vague and overly formal 94 In legal and business documents, which phrase is an example of official style? #b) "The undersigned party hereby agrees to the following terms." 95 Why do official documents use long, complex sentences? #a) To increase accuracy and precision 96 The phrase "for the avoidance of doubt" in legal documents is an example of: #b) A redundancy that reinforces clarity 97 What is the purpose of formal connectors in official style? #b) To ensure logical flow and clarity 98 Which of the following is an example of official phrasing? #b) "Pursuant to the agreement signed on January 1, 2023..." 99 Why are clichés often avoided in professional and legal writing? #a) They lack precision and clarity 100 In business communication, why is direct and clear language preferred? #a) To avoid confusion and misinterpretation 101.what is the primary function of an adverb in a sentence? #c) to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs which sentence contains a cardinal numeral? #b) she has three notebooks. identify the demonstrative pronoun in the sentence: "that was an amazing performance."  #a) that which sentence correctly uses an adverb of frequency? #c) they always arrive on time. 102.which pronoun is an example of an indefinite pronoun? #c) someone #b) indicate quantity or order 103.which sentence correctly uses an ordinal numeral? #b) she won the second prize. 104.what kind of pronoun is used in the sentence: "whose bag is this?" #c) interrogative pronoun 105.identify the incorrect use of an adverb in the sentence below: #c) he runs quick. 106.which of the following is an adverb of manner? #c) quickly 107.what does syntax study in grammar?. #c) the structure and arrangement of words in sentences 108.which sentence type expresses a question? #b) interrogative 109. which of the following sentences is imperative? #b) close the door, please. 110.which structural type of sentence consists of one independent clause? #a) simple sentence 111.which sentence type contains at least two independent clauses? #b) compound sentence what is the main characteristic of a complex sentence? #b) it contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. which conjunction is commonly used to join independent clauses in a compound sentence?  #c) and 111.what type of sentence is this: "although it was raining, they went for a walk." #c) complex 112.which sentence is compound-complex? #a) although she was tired, she finished her work, and she went to bed early. 113. 114.which punctuation mark is commonly used to separate independent clauses in a compound sentence? #b) comma with a coordinating conjunction 115.which of the following describes grimm’s law? #c) the systematic sound shift of indo-european stop consonants in proto-germanic 116.according to grimm's law, what did the proto-indo-european voiceless stops p, t, k turn into in proto-germanic? #b) f, þ (th), h what is the primary explanation provided by verner’s law? #b) the voicing of germanic voiceless fricatives depending on stress in proto-indo- european 117.which of the following examples illustrates verner’s law? #b) s → z when following an unstressed vowel which of the following consonant shifts is an example of grimm’s law? #a) latin pater → old english fæder 118.which statement correctly describes the difference between grimm's law and verner’s law? #b) grimm's law describes the initial germanic sound shift, while verner’s law explains exceptions due to stress. 119which of the following germanic languages still preserves the effects of verner’s law most clearly? #c) gothic in what linguistic environment do consonants affected by verner’s law undergo voicing? #c) when preceded by an unstressed syllable 119.which of the following sound shifts can be attributed to verner’s law rather than grimm’s law? #c) þ → d  120.which linguistic discovery helped explain apparent irregularities in the application of grimm's law? #b) verner’s law, which accounted for stress-dependent consonant changes 121.which feature distinguishes old english strong verbs from weak verbs? #c) they use vowel gradation (ablaut) to form past tense how many classes of strong verbs existed in old english? #a) seven 122.which of the following verbs is an example of an old english strong verb? #c) drifan (to drive) 123.which of the following correctly represents the principal parts of an old english strong verb? #c) infinitive – past singular – past plural – past participle 124.which characteristic defines weak verbs in old english? #a) they form the past tense by adding a dental suffix (-d, -t, -ed) how many classes of weak verbs existed in old english? #c) three 125.which of the following old english verbs is a weak verb? #b) deman (to judge) what is a key difference between class I and class II weak verbs in old english? #c) class I weak verbs have a short stem vowel, while class II has a long vowel or diphthong 126.which old english verbal category marked distinctions in person and number? #d) conjugation 127.which of the following correctly represents the old english tense system? #d) present and past only 141. which morphological feature is typical of strong verbs in old english? #c) the use of vowel alternation (ablaut) to indicate tense changes 142. which of the following verbs belongs to the first class of strong verbs in old english? #a) ridan (to ride) 143. what is the defining characteristic of class ii weak verbs in old english? #b) they form the past tense with -ode 144. which of the following correctly represents the four principal parts of a strong verb in old english? #b) infinitive – past singular – past plural – past participle 145. in old english, which of the following verbal categories determined the distinction between willan (to want) and beon (to be)? #c) modality 146. which class of weak verbs in old english is characterized by past tense formation with -de or -te? #c) class iii 147. which tense forms existed in old english finite verb conjugation? #a) present and past 148. which old english verb category marks the distinction between indicative, subjunctive, and imperative? #d) mood 149. which of the following verbs underwent the most significant vowel alternations (ablaut) in old english? #c) singan (to sing) 150. which of the following best describes the development of weak verbs in old english? #a) they originated from derived verbs with suffixal inflection rather than root modification 151. What does theoretical grammar primarily study? #C) The structure and system of a language 152. Which branch of grammar focuses on sentence structure? #B) Syntax 153. Morphology deals with: #B) The internal structure of words 154. Which of the following is NOT a component of theoretical grammar? #A) Phonetics 155. Which grammar type explains how language should be used? #B) Prescriptive grammar 156. The smallest meaningful unit of a language is called a: #A) Morpheme 157.Which theory argues that grammar is innate in humans? #C) Universal Grammar 158.Who is associated with Transformational-Generative Grammar? #B) Noam Chomsky 159.What is the main goal of theoretical grammar? #B) To describe the structure and rules of language 160.Which linguistic level deals with word formation? #B) Morphology 161.What is a morpheme? #B) The smallest unit of meaning 162. How many morphemes are in the word "unhappiness"? #C) 3 163.Which of these is a free morpheme? #C) happy 164.A bound morpheme is: #B) A suffix or prefix that must attach to another word 165.The study of word structure belongs to: #B) Morphology 166 The grammatical category of number refers to: #B) Singular and plural forms 167 Which of the following is an inflectional morpheme? #B) -ed 168What is the function of derivational morphemes? 169 #B) To form a new word  170Which grammatical category does “case” belong to? #A) Nouns and pronouns 171The word "nationalization" contains how many morphemes? #D) 4 172What type of noun is "happiness"? #C) Abstract 173Which of these is a common noun? #B) Doctor 174Which of these adjectives is irregular in degrees of comparison? #C) Good 175What is the comparative form of "little"? #B) Less 176Which of the following is a superlative adjective? #B) Best 177What is the plural of “child”? #B) Children 178What is the plural of "sheep"? #B) Sheep 179Which sentence correctly uses a superlative adjective? #C) This is the best book I’ve ever read. 180What is a verb? #B) A word that expresses action or state 181Which of the following is a linking verb? #C) Seem  182What is the past tense of “go”? #C) Went 183What is the present participle of "write"? #B) Writing 184Which of these is an auxiliary verb? #A) Have 185Which verb is in the future tense? #A) She will travel tomorrow. 186Which of the following is a common noun? #C) Table 187What type of noun is "happiness"? #C) Abstract noun 188Which of the following is a countable noun? #C) Chair 189Which of the following is an uncountable noun? #B) Information 190What is the plural of "child"? #C) Children 191What is the plural of "sheep"? #B) Sheep 192Which of the following is a proper noun? #B) London 193What type of noun is "team"? #C) Collective noun 194Which of the following is a singular noun? #C) Apple 195Which of the following is a material noun? #A) Gold 196What is the function of an adjective? #B) To describe a noun 197Which of the following is an adjective? #C) Beautiful 198Which sentence contains an adjective? #B) The sky is blue. 199What is the adjective in this sentence: "The small dog barked loudly"? #A) Small 200Which of these adjectives describes size? #A) Tall 201What is the comparative form of "fast"? #A) Faster 202What is the superlative form of "beautiful"? #C) Most beautiful 52. Which of the following adjectives has an irregular comparative form? #C) Good 203What is the correct order of degrees of comparison for "happy"? #C) Happy, happier, happiest 204Which sentence correctly uses the superlative degree? #C) This is the best book I’ve ever read.