Test 1 anatomy questions.docx

Dredge week 3 integumentary system questions answers What are the 4 main responsibilities of the integumentary system? protection Secretion/excretion Sensation Vitamin D production what are the 3 functions of keratin? tough Clear Waterproof what are the 5 layers of epidermis? stratum bas...

Dredge week 3 integumentary system questions answers What are the 4 main responsibilities of the integumentary system? protection Secretion/excretion Sensation Vitamin D production what are the 3 functions of keratin? tough Clear Waterproof what are the 5 layers of epidermis? stratum basal S. spinosum S. Granules I’m S. Lucidum S. Corneum what are the 3 things keratinocytes produce? keratohyalin Lamellar granules Pre vitamin D what are the 4 cells of the epidermis? keratinocyte Melanocyte Dendritic cells Merkel cells how is the epidermis strong if bacteria/virus adheres to it? stratum corneum- dead cells so the bacteria doesn’t have a host cell to survive. It’ll only harm if we have a wound Cells of Epidermis is constantly replicating and cells are being sloughed off ie. dandruff, also allowing bacteria to be kicked off q what are the two layers of the dermis and their properties? papillary- loose areolar CT Reticular- Dense irregular CT what are the cells of dermis and how does it relate to the dermis? keratinocytes and melanocytes give hair color what are the 4 functions of hair? protection Insulation (trapping air) Immune cell activity (trapping toxics) Sensation ie. muscle what is the difference between regeneration and replacement? regeneration- cells will alter its form and come back together when wound only hits the epidermis. Same cells. First layer only exposed. Replacement- new cells made when a wound destroys cells reaching the BVs in dermis explain the bacteria activity in sweat glands and what gland is associated with? apocrine gland causes smell from sweat Sweat components ie. water electrolytes lipid proteins and CHO reach its surface and the bacteria on surface starts eating these components and the rest over will start to smell from the bacteria activity what are the 4 stimulus’ of apocrine gland? reproduction excitability will stimulate apocrine gland. Testosterone and estrogen levels change. Milk produced in mammary gland Ear wax what glands are sudoriferous and sebaceous each associated with? oil glands are sebaceous ie. Sebum Sweat glands are sudifurous what makes oil glands, oily? lipids what are the 9 factors that affect elderlies in aging? -hormone activity alters cell function which causes cells to not undergo mitosis causing more space between epidermis and dermis which exposes 1. BV =more bruising and 2. thinner skin - dendritic cells lose its function and 3. More prone to infections - keratinocytes lose its function which cause 4. Keratin to lose toughness/collagen 5. Elastin so less elasticity and slower for skin to go back down -melanocytes produce less melanin so 6. Grey hair or clear hair due to less melanin in keratin -less vitamin D formed by keratinocytes causing 7. Osteoporosis or heart condition (vitD promotes absorption of calcium) -hair follicle becomes fragile and become 8. brittle week 2 proteins what is the importance of proteins and give examples? structural and functional properties Hormones, enzymes, and transporters what is the importance of glycocalyx and its 3 properties? it is a carbohydrate and is a mesh layer of the phospholipid bilayer membrane that is responsible for: Cell recognition Lubrication Adherence to other extracellular structures name the non membranous and membranous organelles and their functions. where does cellular respiration (anaerobic and aerobic) occur and what are the end products? what are the five important factors for facilitation of nonsoluble diffusion? size Gradient Electrical charge Temperature Distance what are the 4 functions of epithelial tissue? protection Regulating permeability Sensation Secretion ie. sweat glands/oils what are the 5 functions of connective tissue? -triglyceride storage -Protection -Transport (fluid ie. ground substance and vascularity) -Immune cell activity -structural framework what is the difference between loose Areolar and loose Adipose tissue (C.T.) ? -loose areolar CT is the basic CT that has no adipocytes. It’s packaged in free space -Loose adipose CT has adipocytes that take up space more than BV. It’s primarily important for insulation. describe the two types of special connective tissue in detail. cartilage and bone -Cartilage: The primary fibrocyte here is chondrocyte and it’s ground substance is proteoglycans composed of protein and carbons. Its avascular. The three types of cartilage are Hyalin, Elastic, and Fibrous. -Bone: Primary fibrocyte is so osteocyte and it’s ground substance is osteoporosis which store minerals. It’s vascular RMB. Bone has a blood supply what are the 3 types of cartilage and their examples? hyalin- nasal septa or trachea Elastic- ear Fibrous- joints