Concrete Terms PDF

TERMS Concrete a construction material produced by combining Portland cement with aggregate and water Normal-weight concrete usually weighs from 140 to 160 lb/cu. ft. Lightweight insulating concrete may weigh from 15 to 90 lb...

TERMS Concrete a construction material produced by combining Portland cement with aggregate and water Normal-weight concrete usually weighs from 140 to 160 lb/cu. ft. Lightweight insulating concrete may weigh from 15 to 90 lb/cu. ft. and have a 28-day compressive strength of 100 to 1000 psi Mass concrete concrete used for structures such as dams in which the weight of the concrete provides most of the strength of the structure Heavyweight concrete made with heavy aggregates such as barite, magnetite, and steel punchings; used primarily for nuclear radiation shielding Refractory concrete is concrete that has been cast into the desired shape prior to placement in a structure Leveling refers to bringing of a concrete surface to true grade with enough mortar to produce the desired finish Edging refers to rounding off the formed edge of a slab to prevent chipping or damage Screeding refers to moving a straight edge back and forth with a sawlike motion on the surface of newly-placed concrete Jointing premolded inserts are placed in concrete slabs to control cracking in the concrete as a result of shrinkage Bleeding the tendency of dry materials in concrete to settle to the bottom and displace the mixing water to the surface Troweling done on slabs that are left exposed or to receive thin finishes such as resilient flooring, carpet, tile or paint Scaling the breaking away of hardened concrete surface of a slab to a depth of about 1/6 to 3/16 of an inch. Usually occurs in the early age of the slab Harbor a protected water area to provide safe and suitable accommodation for ships for the transfer of cargo, refueling, repairs, etc. Natural harbors harbors protected from storms and waves by the natural configuration of the land Artificial harbors harbors protected by breakwaters or harbors created by dredging Port a sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo. It includes the harbor with its approach channels and anchorage places. Fairway a navigable channel in harbor, offshore, etc., the usual course taken by vessels in such places Wharf a continuous structure built parallel to along the margin of the sea or alongside riverbanks, canals, or waterways where vessels may lie alongside to receive or discharge cargo, embark or disembark passengers or lie at rest Pier any structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coastline and includes any stage, stair landing place, landing stage jetty, floating barge, and pontoon, any bridge or other works connected there with Jetty a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored Dolphin a berth structure for mooring the ship on the open sea, an isolated piled or gravity structure used either to maneuver a ship or facilitate holding it in position at its berth Significant wave the hypothetical wave whose height and period are the mean height and period of a wave group Highest wave it is the highest wave in the wave group Mean wave a wave whose height and period are equal to the mean height and period of all the waves in the wave group Deepwater waves is the wave at a place where water depth is at least one- half of the wavelength; the wave parameters are expressed with those of the significant wave at this place Mean Sea Level average of sea water level for all stages of the tide over a 19-year period Mean Low Water is the height of the low water over a 19-year period Mean Lower Low Water is the average height of the lower low waters over a 19- year period Storm Surge the abnormal rise of the sea level that occurs when a typhoon passes by. This rise above normal level on this open coast is due to atmosphere pressure reduction as well as due to wind stress Tsunamis waves with an extremely long period that mainly occur when there is a sudden large-scale sea floor movement usually associated with severe, shallow focus earthquakes Seiche phenomenon involving abnormal oscillations of the water level with a period of approximately a few minutes to a few tens of minutes