Term 2 - 02 Circulatory System PDF

 INTRODUCTION OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Components Heart Blood Vessels ○ Arteries / Arterioles ○ Veins / Venules ○ Capillaries  CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. It transports nutrients, water, and oxyge...

 INTRODUCTION OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Components Heart Blood Vessels ○ Arteries / Arterioles ○ Veins / Venules ○ Capillaries  CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells produce. It is an amazing highway that travels through your entire body connecting all your body cells.  CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Components Heart Blood Vessels Heart Blood ○ Arteries / Arterioles ○ Veins / Venules ○ Capillaries Vein Artery  CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FACTS ABOUT HEART Is a muscle Moves 2,000 gallons of blood each day Beats between 60 to 100 times per minute  CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Which gases are transported to and from the body’s cells by the blood flowing in the circulatory system? Oxygen is the carbon gas needed for dioxide oxygen respiration and is transported to the body’s cells.  CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system carries two types of blood Arrangement of the circulatory system means that these two types of blood do not mix. OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD OXYGEN-POOR BLOOD Blood travelling to Blood travelling the body cells away from the High oxygen content body cells Low carbon dioxide Low oxygen content content High carbon dioxide content HEART THE PUMP ORGAN HEART SIDES THE HEART The heart is the organ at the centre of the circulatory system. It pumps blood around the body. THE HEART Size of a fist; less than a pound In thorax; flanked by lungs; rests on diaphragm Top: base Bottom: apex  THE HEART ◻ The inside of the heart is divided into two sections so that the two types of blood (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) are kept apart. Right side Left side of the Heart of the heart Oxygen-poor blood Oxygen-rich Blood HEART COVERING  HEART COVERING Pericardium ○ Covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to the heart ○ Protective sac of connective tissue ○ Surrounds the heart ○ Filled with fluid  HEART COVERING Visceral pericardium ○ Innermost layer ○ Directly on the heart Parietal pericardium ○ Layer on top of the visceral pericardium HEART WALLS HEART CHAMBERS ATRIUM - VENTRICLE  HEART CHAMBERS The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a septum, or wall. The septum prevents the mixing of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood. On each side of the septum are two chambers. The upper chamber (receives blood) is the atrium. The lower chamber (pumps blood out of heart) is the ventricle.  HEART CHAMBERS Atria (s. atrium) ○ Upper chambers ○ Left and right ○ Separated by interatrial septum  HEART CHAMBERS Ventricles ○ Lower chambers ○ Left and right ○ Separated by interventricular septum  HEART CHAMBERS The chambers of the heart have different functions: BLOOD TO THE BLOOD TO THE LUNGS BODY BLOOD FROM THE BLOOD FROM THE BODY LUNGS The Atria collect The ventricles blood that enters pump blood out of the heart. the heart.  RIGHT ATRIUM Right Receives Atrium deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle.  RIGHT VENTRICLE Right Receives Ventricle deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery.  LEFT ATRIUM Is larger than the right Left Atrium atrium, it receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, and pumps it into the left ventricle.  LEFT VENTRICLE ◻ Is larger than the Left right ventricle, it Ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium, and pumps it into the aorta.  HEART VALVES ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES - SEMILUNAR VALVES  HEART VALVES Septum - divides left from right heart Valves - keep blood flowing in one direction ○ Four valves: 2 AV valves, 2 semilunar valves  ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES AV valves: between atria and ventricles ○ Bicuspid (mitral) valve: on the left ○ Tricuspid valve: on the right When valves are open blood drains from atria to the ventricle When ventricles contract, valve flaps are forced shut, blocking blood from reentering atria  SEMILUNAR VALVES Located in arteries leaving ventricles ○ Pulmonic valve: at base of pulmonary artery ○ Aortic valve: at base of aorta When ventricles contract, valves are forced open & let blood flow When ventricle relaxes, backflow of blood fills flaps of valve & forces them to shut  HEART VESSELS VENA CAVA - PULMONARY ARTERY -PULOMONARY VEIN - AORTA  VENA CAVA SUPERIOR VENA CAVA Superior Vena Cava Is a large but short vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the hearts right atrium.  VENA CAVA INFERIOR VENA CAVA Inferior Vena Cava Is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the heart.  PULMONARY ARTERY Receives deoxygenated Pulmonary blood from the right Artery ventricle and moves it into the lungs to pick up oxygen. Fact: arteries carry blood away from the heart.  PULMONARY VEIN Carry oxygenated blood Pulmonary from the lungs to the left Vein atrium of the heart. Fact: They are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood.  AORTA Is the largest artery in the Aorta human body, it receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart and moves it to all parts of the body. BLOOD VESSELS ARTERY - VEIN - CAPILLARY  BLOOD VESSEL As blood moves through the circulatory system it moves through 3 types of blood vessels: Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart. Capillaries: Link arterioles to veins. Veins: Carry blood towards the heart. ARTERY  ARTERY Large vessels Carry blood from heart to tissues of body. Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary arteries. Thick walls-need to withstand pressure produced when heart pushes blood into them.  ARTERY The largest artery is located in heart which is the Aorta. Smaller size of artery is called arterioles. VEINS  VEINS Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it must be returned to the heart. Done by veins Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle. Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood flowing toward heart.  VEINS Many found near skeletal muscles. When muscles contract, blood is forced through veins. The largest artery is located in heart which is the Vena Cava. Smaller size of artery is called venules. Routine Attendance  Science Routine Featured Scientist TAM CAPILLARY  CAPILLARY Smallest blood vessels Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow. Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues and absorbing CO2 and other waste products.  BLOOD THE NUTRIENT CARRIER  BLOOD Composed of plasma and blood cells Types of Cells are: ○ Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) ○ White Blood Cells (leukocytes) ○ Platelets (thrombocytes) Plasma ○ Straw colored ○ 90% water ○ 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, wastes, and proteins. RED BLOOD CELLS  RED BLOOD CELLS Also called as Erythrocytes Most numerous type (blood types A,B,AB,O) Transport oxygen to the tissues Contain a red-coloured compound called haemoglobin which bonds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin. Disk shaped Made in red bone marrow Circulate for 120 days WHITE BLOOD CELLS  WHITE BLOOD CELLS Also called Leukocytes. They are bigger than red blood cells and have large nuclei. Act as the body’s defence system. Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting Some white blood cells surround and consume harmful microbes.  WHITE BLOOD CELLS Some produce chemicals called antibodies that fight infection. Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens and remember them PLATELETS  PLATELETS Formed in red bone marrow. Produce thrombokinase – a chemical needed for blood clotting. Platelets help to repair tissues and close wounds both internally and externally. When needed, they grow into irregular shapes and stick together to form a plug over the wound. PLASMA  PLASMA The blood cells and platelets are suspended in a substance called plasma. Plasma is made up of: 90% water inorganic salts glucose antibodies urea and other waste products plasma proteins.  PLASMA Plasma proteins 3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen. ○ Albumins and Globulins - transport substances such as fatty acids, hormones and vitamins. ○ Fibrinogen - Responsible for blood’s ability to clot NEXT TOPIC: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM