TCW-113-Information-Sheet-4.pdf

THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM Bachelor of Science in Bulacan Date Developed: JULY 2020 Accounting Information Polytechnic Page 1 of 4 Date Revised: Systems...

THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM Bachelor of Science in Bulacan Date Developed: JULY 2020 Accounting Information Polytechnic Page 1 of 4 Date Revised: Systems College July 2020 THE CONTEMPORARY Document No. Developed by: Revision # 02 WORLD 20-TCW 113 ROCELLA J. FUENTES  THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to: 1. Explain the effects of globalization on government 2. Identify the institutions that govern international relations INTRODUCTION The focal in this chapter is the political structures involved in globalization. However, these structures, like all structures, are often better seen as flows or as encompassing sets of flows. For example, a nation-state or a bureaucracy is often thought of as structure, but in the main it is the sum of the processes that take place within it. To put in this way, structures can be seen as “congealed flows.” In that sense, the bulk of this chapter also deals with political process (and flows). However, before we get to our focus on political structures, we need to be more explicit about the political flows themselves. Political Globalization The global flow of people, especially refugees and illegal immigrants, poses a direct threat to the nation-state and its ability to control its borders. The looming crisis associated with dwindling oil and water supplies threaten to lead to riots and perhaps insurrections that could lead to the downfall of extant governments. The inability of the nation-state to control economic flows dominated by MNCs, as well as the current economic and financial crisis that is sweeping the world, also poses a profound threat to the nation-state (e.g., Eastern Europe). Environment problems of all sorts, especially those related to global warming, a very likely to be destabilizing politically. Borderless disease, especially malaria, TB, and AIDS in Africa, pose a danger to political structures. War is the most obvious global flows threatening the nation-states involved, especially those on the losing side. Global inequalities, especially the profound and growing North-South split, threaten to pit poor nations against rich nations. Terrorism is clearly regarded as a threat by those nations against which it is waged, hence, the so-called “war on terrorism” in the US. Bachelor of Science in Bulacan Date Developed: JULY 2020 Accounting Information Polytechnic Page 2 of 4 Date Revised: Systems College July 2020 THE CONTEMPORARY Document No. Developed by: Revision # 02 WORLD 20-TCW 113 ROCELLA J. FUENTES The Global Interstate System It is the whole system of human interactions. The modern world-system is structured politically as an interstate system – a system of competing and allying states. Political Scientists commonly call this the international system, and it is the main focus of the field of International Relations Historical Analysis Strengths It will make travel less cheaper, faster and better. Weaknesses Imposed long-term costs on the country Cut down on competition between shippers and passenger carriers. Rising consumption of gasoline led to air pollution and a dependence on oil that affected consumers and foreign policy for generations to come. Institution that govern international Relations United Nations United States President FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT coined the name united nations that was used in the declaration of United Nation on 1 of January 1942. UN means allies to fight against the Axis Powers in the Second World War II. Only 26 nation’s representatives pledge their governments to: 1. Each Government pledges itself to employ its full resources, military or economic, against those members of the tripartite pact and its adherents with which such government is at war. 2. Each Government pledges itself to cooperate with the Governments signatory hereto and not to make a separate armistice or peace with the enemies. International Financial Institutions - World Bank - International Monetary Fund - Asian Development Bank - African Development Bank Free trade Trade agreements are when two or more nations agree on the terms of trade between them. They determine the tariffs and duties that countries impose on imports and exports. All trade agreements affect international trade. Bachelor of Science in Bulacan Date Developed: JULY 2020 Accounting Information Polytechnic Page 3 of 4 Date Revised: Systems College July 2020 THE CONTEMPORARY Document No. Developed by: Revision # 02 WORLD 20-TCW 113 ROCELLA J. FUENTES Import are goods and services produced in a foreign country and bought by domestic residents. That includes anything shipped into the country even if it's by the foreign subsidiary of a domestic firm. If the consumer is inside the countries boundaries and the provider is outside, then the good or service is an import. Exports are goods and services that are made in a country and sold outside its borders. That includes anything shipped from a domestic company to its foreign affiliate or branch. 3 types of trade agreement Unilateral it occurs when a country imposes trade restrictions and no other country reciprocates. A country can also unilaterally loosen trade restrictions, but that rarely happens. Bilateral are between two countries. Both countries agree to loosen trade restrictions to expand business opportunities between them. They lower tariffs and confer preferred trade status with each other. Multilateral are the most difficult to negotiate. These are among three countries or more. The greater the number of participants, the more difficult the negotiations are. They are also more complex than bilateral agreements. Each country has its own needs and requests. Bachelor of Science in Bulacan Date Developed: JULY 2020 Accounting Information Polytechnic Page 4 of 4 Date Revised: Systems College July 2020 THE CONTEMPORARY Document No. Developed by: Revision # 02 WORLD 20-TCW 113 ROCELLA J. FUENTES