IATA Safety Risk Management Module 2 PDF

Safety Risk Management Module 2 1 © 2024 Copyright IATA Learning objectives At the end of this module you should be able to: Distinguish safety deficiency, hazard, potential consequence and safety risk Describe the activities for safety risk assessment under the Safety Risk Management c...

Safety Risk Management Module 2 1 © 2024 Copyright IATA Learning objectives At the end of this module you should be able to: Distinguish safety deficiency, hazard, potential consequence and safety risk Describe the activities for safety risk assessment under the Safety Risk Management component of an SMS 2 © 2024 Copyright IATA SMS – Safety Risk Management SMS Data Regulations policies Information for Operational strategic Financial decisions HR Legal Quality analysis cost/benefit evaluation Safety programs Bird strike Runway safety Unstable approaches Language proficiency 3 © 2024 Copyright IATA …  Safety Risk Management Baseline concepts 4 © 2024 Copyright IATA Key terms as applied to safety management Process Conceptual framework that provides formal guidance to the execution of specific activities needed to achieve an objective Activities Specific action(s) necessary to achieve the objective of the process, according to the formal guide provided by it Tools Material means for carrying out the activities to achieve the objective of the process 5 © 2024 Copyright IATA Key terms as applied to safety management There are only two There are multiple There are multiple processes in safety activities tools management 6 © 2024 Copyright IATA Key terms in SRM The entities seek to capture for measurement Safety deficiency Hazard Consequence 7 © 2024 Copyright IATA Key terms in SRM The entities seek to capture for measurement Safety deficiency Hazard System-wide, present condition with Consequence negative or damaging potential on safety during operations 8 © 2024 Copyright IATA Key terms in SRM The entities seek to capture for measurement Safety deficiency Hazard Condition or object – always present – in a defined operational context that has the Consequence potential to generate one or more consequences 9 © 2024 Copyright IATA Key terms in SRM The entities seek to capture for measurement Safety deficiency Hazard The potential outcome of a hazard, which can cause injuries to personnel, damage to Consequence equipment or structures, loss of material, or a reduction in the ability of personnel to perform a prescribed function 10 © 2024 Copyright IATA A frequent confusion Describing the hazard as one of Describing a hazard its potential consequences properly allows Interferes with identifying other Effective mitigation of the potential consequences of the potential consequence(s) hazard 11 © 2024 Copyright IATA Side Comment – ICAO (Doc 9859) Does not define safety deficiency Defines hazard succinctly – Condition or object with the potential to cause or contribute to an aircraft incident or accident Does not define consequence 12 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Is this a hazard? POLL ü Yes, it’s hazard û No, it’s Consequence 13 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Is this a hazard? POLL ü Yes, it’s hazard û No, it’s Consequence 14 © 2024 Copyright IATA Questions? ? 15 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Management Activities and Tools 16 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Process Management Activities Operational Hazard system identification Safety risk Safety risk description and analysis evaluation mitigation Tools Employee safety Internal safety reporting Inspections FDA/QAR investigation program 17 © 2024 Copyright IATA Operational system description Defines the boundaries of the operational context within which hazard identification will be conducted 18 © 2024 Copyright IATA Operational system description Source: https://windsorstar.com/news/local-news/road-construction-ramping-up-in-coming-weeks 19 © 2024 Copyright IATA Questions? ? 20 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Management Hazard Identification 21 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Process Management Activities Operational Hazard system identification Safety risk Safety risk description and analysis evaluation mitigation Tools Employee safety Internal safety Inspections FDA/QAR reporting program investigation 22 © 2024 Copyright IATA Hazard identification Types of hazards Natural – Environmental – Weather Technical 23 © 2024 Copyright IATA Hazard identification Natural hazards – Environmental Volcanic eruptions Adverse terrain Large bodies of water Wildlife activity Wildfires … 24 © 2024 Copyright IATA Hazard identification Natural hazards – Weather Hurricanes Storms/thunderstorms Tornadoes Lightning Wind shear Icing Freezing rain Snow Wind … 25 © 2024 Copyright IATA Hazard identification Technical hazards Condition of – Facilities – Equipment – Components 26 © 2024 Copyright IATA Technical hazards Examples Condition of – Runway – Runway lights – Approach lights – Apron – Apron lights – Apron markings FO(D) Fuel/oil spills … 27 © 2024 Copyright IATA Discussion Point Hazards or Not? 28 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Is this a hazard? POLL Late ATC instructions/changes ü Yes û No 29 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Is this a hazard? POLL Controller technique ü Yes û No 30 © 2024 Copyright IATA Identification – Tips Human performance is never a hazard – See hazard definition Hazards are in the present Consequences are in the future – The “snapshot test” 31 © 2024 Copyright IATA The “snapshot” test Identify the hazard 32 © 2024 Copyright IATA The “snapshot” test Identify the hazard 33 © 2024 Copyright IATA The “snapshot” test Identify the hazard 34 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Instructions Group Exercise Task (30 mins) Separate the participants into groups Discuss on each scenario if they are hazard or consequence Present the group results to rest of the participants 35 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Is this a hazard? GROUP DISCUSSION 1. Understaffing or work overload issues 2. Pressure to complete operation 3. Non-standard or improper phraseology 4. Traffic delays 5. Language problems 36 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Is this a hazard? 6. Blinding approach lights GROUP DISCUSSION 7. Cabin attendant falling from an open, unprotected service door while resupplying aircraft 8. Rubber deposit in runway touch-down zone 9. Ground collision between aircraft and catering truck 10. Close-in procedure vectoring by ATC 37 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Is this a hazard? 11. Evasive maneuver due to a TCAS GROUP DISCUSSION Resolution Advisory (RA) 12. Runway backtracking by departing aircraft due to airport taxiway closure 13. Unstable approach 14. Construction trucks in the vicinity of departing runway 15. Controlled-flight-into-terrain (CFIT) 38 © 2024 Copyright IATA Questions? ? 39 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Management Hazard Analysis 40 © 2024 Copyright IATA Hazard analysis – Three distinct steps A B C State the generic Identify specific Identify specific hazard (Top Level components of the consequence(s) Hazard, TLH) TLH (Hazard statement) Construction Aircraft colliding with Airport construction equipment construction Closed taxiways equipment … Aircraft taking wrong taxiway … 41 © 2024 Copyright IATA Hazard analysis What are the following? Generic Hazard DISCUSSIO Specific components of Generic Hazard N Potential consequences 42 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk evaluation Form Generic Specific components of the Potential consequences hazard generic hazard 43 © 2024 Copyright IATA Questions? ? 44 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Management Safety Risk Evaluation 45 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Process Management Activities Operational Hazard system identification Safety risk Safety risk description and analysis evaluation mitigation Tools Employee safety Internal safety Inspections FDA/QAR reporting program investigation 46 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk The quantification – expressed in terms of predicted probability and severity – of the potential consequence(s) of a hazard taking as reference the worst foreseeable (but credible) situation 47 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk "Puts a number" on the potential consequences of a hazard – Quantifies the potential consequences given existing defenses 48 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk probability The likelihood that the consequence might occur, taking as reference the worst foreseeable – but credible – condition 49 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Probability of occurrence of the consequence Qualitative Meaning Value definition Frequent Likely to occur many times (has occurred frequently) 5 Occasional Likely to occur some times (has occurred infrequently) 4 Remote Unlikely, but possible to occur (has occurred rarely) 3 Improbable Very unlikely to occur (not known to have occurred) 2 Source: doc 9859 Extremely improbable Almost inconceivable that the event will occur 1 50 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk severity The likely effects of the consequence, taking as reference the worst foreseeable – but credible – condition 51 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Severity of the consequence Aviation definition Meaning Value Equipment destroyed Catastrophic Multiple deaths A A large reduction in safety margins, physical distress or a workload such that the operators cannot be relied upon Hazardous to perform their tasks accurately or completely B Serious injury Major equipment damage A significant reduction in safety margins, a reduction in the ability of the operators to cope with adverse operating conditions as a result of increase in workload, or as a result C Major of conditions impairing their efficiency Serious incident Injury to persons Nuisance Operating limitations Source: ICAO doc 9859 Minor D Use of emergency procedures Minor incident Negligible Little consequences E 52 © 2024 Copyright IATA ICAO Doc 9859 – Safety risk index matrix Source: ICAO doc 9859 53 © 2024 Copyright IATA ICAO Doc 9859 – Safety risk tolerability Source: ICAO doc 9859 54 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk evaluation Step Express probability 1 Step Express severity 2 Step Determine the safety risk index 3 Step Determine the tolerability of the safety risk 4 55 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk evaluation What are Safety Risk Index for each Hazards? DISCUSSIO N 56 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk evaluation Form Generic Specific components Potential Safety risk hazard of the generic hazard consequences index 57 © 2024 Copyright IATA Questions? ? 58 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Management Safety Risk Mitigation 59 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Safety Risk Process Management Activities Operational Hazard system identification Safety risk Safety risk description and analysis evaluation mitigation Tools Employee safety Internal safety Inspections FDA/QAR reporting program investigation 60 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk mitigation Reinforcement of existing defenses Introduction of additional defenses – Technology Tec – Training h Tra nolo Re gy – Regulations gul ining atio ns “Soft” and “hard” defenses 61 © 2024 Copyright IATA “Soft” defenses Training and regulations Upside – Relatively inexpensive – Tendency to overuse of “soft” defenses Downside – Depend to a large extent on human performance Re Tra gul ini ationg s n 62 © 2024 Copyright IATA “Hard” defenses Technology Downside – “Hard” defenses are expensive – Tendency to underuse of “hard” defenses Tec Upside – “Hard” defenses depend h nol ogy considerably less on human performance 63 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk mitigation strategies Doc 9859 Avoidance of exposure Reduction of exposure Segregation of exposure 64 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk mitigation strategies Doc 9859 Avoidance of Reduction of Segregation of exposure exposure exposure The operation or activity is cancelled 65 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk mitigation strategies Doc 9859 Avoidance of Reduction of Segregation of exposure exposure exposure The operation or activity is subject to limitations 66 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk mitigation strategies Doc 9859 Avoidance of Reduction of Segregation of exposure exposure exposure The operation or activity is allowed only based on built- in redundancy 67 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk mitigation 68 © 2024 Copyright IATA Safety risk evaluation Form Generic Specific Potential Safety risk Safety risk hazard components of consequences index mitigation & the generic type of hazard mitigation 69 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Instructions Group Exercise Task (45 mins) Separate the participants into groups Read the Exercise 2 and complete the task assigned Identify at least one specific component of the generic hazard and two potential consequences Write your outcome in the flipchart and present to rest of the participants 70 © 2024 Copyright IATA  Further Reading Handout Read the Handout 1 for Further Reading “Guidelines for the implementation of the activities of Safety Risk Management (SRM)” 71 © 2024 Copyright IATA Questions? ? 72 © 2024 Copyright IATA