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# Disinformation and Misinformation **Disinformation - Defined** **Misinformation - Defined** **Previous Uses of the Fake News Term:** * Satire * Parody * Sensationalism **Post-truth Era** **Why People Click (Confirmation Bias)** **Who Spreads Disinformation?** * **Bots** * Understanding...

# Disinformation and Misinformation **Disinformation - Defined** **Misinformation - Defined** **Previous Uses of the Fake News Term:** * Satire * Parody * Sensationalism **Post-truth Era** **Why People Click (Confirmation Bias)** **Who Spreads Disinformation?** * **Bots** * Understanding Bots * Dampener Bots * Amplifier Bots * **Trolls** **Three Democratic Problems w/ Disinformation** 1. Wrongly Informed Citizens 2. Echo Chambers 3. Affective Content **Russia's Social Media Influence Operation** 1. Reconnaissance 2. Placement 3. Propagation 4. Saturation **Information Literacy** 1. Task Definition 2. Information Seeking Strategies **Civic Online Reasoning** * **Definition** * **Three Components** 1. Who is behind the information? 2. What is the evidence? 3. What do other sources say? **Source Triangulation** **Why Source Triangulation?** **Lateral Reading - Definition** **NDIA - Digital Inclusion definition** **Policy Recommendations** **Gatekeeping** **Internet governance by platforms** **Content moderation definition** * Badging * Removing users * Directing users * Removing content