G12 English Language Arts Study Guide 2024-2025 PDF

G12 STUDY GUIDE English Language Arts Term 1 2024 - 2025 G12 STUDY GUIDE  Page 1 Term 3:...

G12 STUDY GUIDE English Language Arts Term 1 2024 - 2025 G12 STUDY GUIDE  Page 1 Term 3: Standards/Learning Outcomes CCSS.ELA-READING.G11-12: RI.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what a text states explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain. CCSS.ELA-READING.G11-12:RI..4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text CCSS.ELA-LANGUAGE. G11-12:L.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY. G11-12:L.4 A Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY. G11-12.W.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY. G11-12. W.2.B Develop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.G11-12. W.2.C Use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.  Page 2 Reading: There will be Two reading text: Non-Fiction Different Types of Questions: Multiple choice (a) (b) (c) (d) (Choose the correct answer) Identify Identify the main idea / problem / solution / evidence to support. Retrieve Find answers directly in the text. Make inferences “Read between the lines” – Interpret / Infer. Reflect Show understanding of the whole text. What is the purpose of the text? What is the main idea? Context Clues Determine the meaning of words in context. Short Open-ended response Long Open -ended response Language: ▪ Subject Verb agreement ▪ Sentence Structure ▪ Contextual Clues  Page 3 SUPPORT MATERIAL SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT To make a noun plural: add s To make a verb plural: take away the s Singular: girl Singular: She talks. Plural: girls Plural: They talk. If the subject is singular, the verb must also be singular. Tip for Subject/Verb Agreement Generally, if the subject does not end in –S, the verb If the subject does end in –S, the verb won’t. will. The girl dances. The girls dance. PRONOUNS: I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT Singular Plural I walk. We walk. You walk. You walk. He/She/It walks. They walk. Joe walks. Joe and Maria walk. IRREGULAR VERBS Irregular Verb Singular Plural DO He does They do GO She goes They go HAVE She has They have BE He is They are TWO OR MORE SUBJECTS JOINED BY “AND” If there are two or more subjects joined by and, the verb will not get an “s”. The verb is plural. The mother and her daughter dance. She and her friends sing in the choir. They dance. They sing in the choir.  Page 4 TWO OR MORE SUBJECTS JOINED BY “OR” When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by or, use a singular verb. The pen or the pencil is in the draw. (not are) If there are two or more subjects joined by or, the verb agrees with the last subject. The professor or the students work in the laboratory at night. The students or the professor works in the laboratory at night. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Some indefinite pronouns are always singular. (…… BODY) (…..ONE) nobody, somebody, anybody, everybody, each one, anyone, everyone, someone, no one Everybody loves grammar! Someone is going to win the prize. Some indefinite pronouns are always plural. all, some, both, few, several Some people love grammar. Both my father and mother are in Abu Dhabi. Several of the students go to Abu Dhabi every weekend. All the animals in the zoo live in cages.  Page 5 MEASUREMENT OF MONEY, TIME OR DISTANCE Measurement of money, time or distance = uncountable. Use the singular form. 10 000 dirhams is a lot of money. 11 hours is a long time for a road trip. 20 km is the distance I travel from home to school. COLLECTIVE NOUNS (A noun used to name a whole group) The soccer team is going to take part in a competition. The swarm of bees is flying to the hive. The orchestra is playing classical music. SOME NOUNS, WHILE PLURAL IN FORM, ARE ACTUALLY SINGULAR IN MEANING Mathematics is an easy subject for some people. Mumps is contagious. Gymnastics is easy for Habiba.  Page 6 RELATIVE PRONOUNS Relative Pronouns (who/which/that) can be either singular or plural, depending on the word they refer to. The student who works hard will succeed. The students who work hard will succeed. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES The subject can never be part of a prepositional phrase. The students (in my class) study hard. Martin, (as well as his brothers,) goes fishing every weekend. EITHER / OR NEITHER / NOR When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by or or nor, the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is closest to the verb. (This is also called the rule of proximity.) The student or the teachers write every day. The teachers or the student writes every day. Neither my mother nor my sister speaks English. Neither my mother nor my sisters speak English. Either my mother or my father takes me to school. Either my friend or my parents take me to school. SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH: THERE In sentences beginning with there is or there are, the subject follows the verb. Since there is not the subject, the verb agrees with what follows the verb. There is financial support for disadvantaged students. There are many factors affecting the pass rate of university students  Page 7 For practice, refer to the links below: 1. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/sentence/sentence-structure-quiz.php 2. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/satz.htm 3. https://www.englishgrammar.org/types-sentences-exercise/ 4. https://www.rong-chang.com/writing/ 5. https://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/sentence-structure.html 6. https://guides.lib.uoguelph.ca/Grammar/SentenceStructure 7. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/sentencestructure Page 8  Page 9 For practice, refer to the links below: 1. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-are-context-clues-definition/ 2. https://study.com/learn/lesson/context-clues-types-examples.html 3. https://www.cpp.edu/ramp/program-materials/ 4. https://www.thoughtco.com/context-clue-vocabulary-1689919 5. https://www.softschools.com/quizzes/language_arts/context_clues/quiz1539.html 6. https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=context-clues-quiz_2 7. https://www.roomrecess.com/Quizzes/ContextCluesQuiz/Quiz.html 8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raIZoZD8nI4