System-Integration2 (1).pptx

SYSTEM INTEGRATION  is the process of bringing together various subsystems or components into a single, unified system that functions cohesively.  This involves ensuring that the subsystems work together seamlessly to deliver the desired overall functionality¹.  In the context of informati...

SYSTEM INTEGRATION  is the process of bringing together various subsystems or components into a single, unified system that functions cohesively.  This involves ensuring that the subsystems work together seamlessly to deliver the desired overall functionality¹.  In the context of information technology, it often refers to linking different computing systems and software applications to act as a coordinated whole TYPES OF INTEGRATION DATA INTEGRATION  This involves combining data from different sources to provide a unified view. It ensures that data is consistent and accessible across the organization the process of combining data from different sources into a single location, such as a data warehouse. HERE ARE SOME DATA INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES:  Data virtualization Allows organizations to access data from multiple sources as if it were in one location. It uses a virtual layer to integrate the data without physically moving it.  Middleware data integration Uses a middleware application to help standardize data and assimilate it into a master data pool.  Application integration Allows separate applications to work together by moving and syncing data between them. For example, integrating an HR system with a finance system to ensure they have the same data.  Manual data integration  Involves integrating data sources without automation, usually using custom code. This can be a good strategy for one-time instances.  ETL (extract, transform, and load)  Involves extracting data from different sources, transforming it into a format that's compatible with the target system, and then loading it into the target database. PROCESS INTEGRATION  This type focuses on aligning and automating business processes across different systems to improve efficiency and reduce redundancy TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION  This involves integrating various technologies, such as hardware and software, to work together within a system. It often includes using APIs, middleware, and other tools to enable communication between different technologies⁷. ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION  This type deals with aligning different departments or business units within an organization to ensure they work together effectively.  It often involves changes in management practices and organizational structures to support integrated operations CHALLENGES IN INTEGRATING HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS  Integrating heterogeneous systems, which are systems built using different technologies, platforms, or standards, presents several challenges COMPATIBILITY ISSUES  Different systems may use different technology stacks, data formats, or protocols, making it difficult to ensure they communicate effectively can occur when different devices, operating systems, software, or hardware components don't work well together or cause errors, glitches, or crashes. SECURITY AND COMPLIANCE  Integrating multiple systems can introduce vulnerabilities and increase the risk of data breaches. Ensuring that all systems comply with relevant security protocols and regulations is a significant challenge[ DATA CONSISTENCY  Ensuring that data remains consistent and accurate across integrated systems can be difficult, especially when dealing with real-time data updates PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITY  Integrating systems can impact performance, and ensuring that the integrated system can scale to handle increased loads is often challenging MAINTENANCE AND UPGRADES  Keeping integrated systems up-to-date and maintaining them can be complex, especially when different systems have different update cycles and requirements SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Franklin M. Miranda Jr. INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE  System architecture refers to the structured framework used to conceptualize software systems. It defines how different components of a system interact, how data flows through the system, and how various elements are organized and integrated. A well-defined system architecture helps ensure that the system is scalable, maintainable, and meets the required performance and security standards. ARCHITECTURAL STYLES  Architectural styles are high- level strategies used to design and structure software systems. They provide a blueprint for organizing components and their interactions. Here are some common architectural styles: MONOLITHIC ARCHITECTURE  monolithic architecture, the entire application is built as a single, indivisible unit. All components and functionalities are tightly coupled and deployed together.  **Pros**: Simplicity in development and deployment, easier testing.  **Cons**: Difficult to scale, challenging to modify or update specific parts without affecting the whole system. CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE  This architecture divides the system into two main components: the client and the server. The client sends requests to the server, which processes these requests and returns the results.  - **Pros**: Clear separation of concerns, scalability (can scale servers independently), easier to update and manage.  - **Cons**: Can become complex with multiple clients and servers, potential bottlenecks if the server is overloaded. MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE  This style structures the system as a collection of loosely coupled services, each responsible for a specific functionality. These services communicate over a network, usually using APIs.  - **Pros**: Highly scalable, allows for independent deployment and development of services, improves fault tolerance.  - **Cons**: Complexity in managing multiple services, requires sophisticated monitoring and inter-service communication. LAYERED (N-TIER) ARCHITECTURE  The system is divided into distinct layers, each with a specific responsibility. Common layers include the presentation layer, business logic layer, and data access layer.  - **Pros**: Separation of concerns, promotes modularity, easier to maintain and test.  - **Cons**: Can become rigid if not designed carefully, may introduce performance overhead due to multiple layers. EVENT-DRIVEN ARCHITECTURE  This style focuses on the production, detection, and reaction to events. Components communicate by emitting and listening to events.  - **Pros**: Highly scalable and flexible, suitable for systems with unpredictable workloads.  - **Cons**: Can be complex to manage event flows, potential challenges in debugging and tracing. COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE MODULES  Modules are distinct units of functionality within the system. Each module is responsible for a specific aspect of the system's behavior and can be developed, tested, and maintained independently.  - **Example**: In an e-commerce system, you might have modules for user authentication, product management, and order processing. LAYERS  Layers are abstractions that group related functionalities together. Each layer has a specific role and interacts with adjacent layers.  - **Example**: In a layered architecture, you might have a presentation layer (UI), a business logic layer (application logic), and a data access layer (database interactions). INTERFACES  Interfaces define how different components or modules interact with each other. They specify the methods and data formats used for communication.  - **Example**: An API (Application Programming Interface) acts as an interface between a client application and a server, allowing them to exchange data and requests. IN SUMMARY  understanding system architecture helps in designing robust and scalable software systems by choosing the appropriate architectural style and organizing components effectively. Each architectural style has its own advantages and trade-offs, and the choice depends on factors like the system's requirements, scalability needs, and complexity.