Prototyping Model in System Analysis PDF

# Prototyping Model in System Analysis ## LECTURE IV - Lecturer: Prof. A-B. Alhassan/ Mr. S. Ibrahim ## Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Prototyping 2. Why Use the Prototyping Model? 3. Characteristics of Prototyping Model 4. Stages of Prototyping Model 5. Stage 1: Requirement Identificatio...

# Prototyping Model in System Analysis ## LECTURE IV - Lecturer: Prof. A-B. Alhassan/ Mr. S. Ibrahim ## Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Prototyping 2. Why Use the Prototyping Model? 3. Characteristics of Prototyping Model 4. Stages of Prototyping Model 5. Stage 1: Requirement Identification 6. Stage 2: Prototype Development 7. Stage 3: User Evaluation 8. Stage 4: Refinement of Prototype 9. Stage 5: Final System Development 10. Types of Prototypes - Throwaway/Rapid Prototyping - Evolutionary Prototyping - Incremental Prototyping - Extreme Prototyping 11. Throwaway/Rapid Prototyping 12. Evolutionary Prototyping 13. Incremental Prototyping 14. Extreme Prototyping 15. Advantages of the Prototyping Model 16. Disadvantages of the Prototyping Model 17. When to Use the Prototyping Model 18. Challenges in Prototyping 19. Prototyping in Agile Development 20. Thank You! ## Introduction to Prototyping **What is the Prototyping Model?** The Prototyping Model is a software development model used to define the design and functionality of a system through iterative development and refinement of prototypes. Unlike traditional models like the Waterfall model, where the full system is developed in a linear sequence, prototyping involves creating a working model (or prototype) of the system early in the development process. This prototype is then tested and modified based on user feedback until the system meets the desired requirements. ## Why Use the Prototyping Model? **Uses of Prototype Model** The Prototyping Model is used in software development for several key reasons. It involves creating prototypes (early versions or mockups) of a system to help users visualize and refine the final product. Here's why the Prototyping Model is often chosen: - Allows users to interact with a working model early in the process. - Helps to clarify requirements and features. - Facilitates user feedback, leading to better user satisfaction. ## Characteristics of Prototyping Model **Prototype Model Features** This model is particularly useful when the user requirements are not fully understood from the start, and there is a need to evolve the system through feedback. - **Iterative process:** Repeated cycles of prototyping and refinement. - **User involvement:** Continuous user feedback. - **Flexibility:** Changes can be made after user testing. - **Partial functionality:** Prototypes may not have full functionality. ## Stages of Prototyping Model **Step by Steps Involve** The Prototyping Model is a software development methodology that emphasizes creating a working prototype of a system or product to gather feedback from users and stakeholders before final development. This iterative approach allows for better alignment with user requirements, more flexibility in design, and faster refinement. The prototyping model typically involves the following stages: - Requirement Identification - Prototype Development - User Evaluation - Refinement of Prototype - Final System Development ## Stage 1: Requirement Identification **Taken Information process** Requirement Identification plays a crucial role in shaping the overall design and direction of the project. The prototype model is an iterative development process, where an initial version of the software (the prototype) is quickly built, and then refined through multiple cycles based on feedback from the users. - Collect initial system requirements from users. - Identify the basic functionality that needs to be included. - Requirements are typically vague or incomplete at this stage. ## Stage 2: Prototype Development **Creating the Blueprint** This model (the prototype) allows designers, developers, and stakeholders to explore and evaluate the system's functionality, design choices, and user experience before full-scale development. - Develop an early, partial version of the system. - Focus on the core features and functionalities. - This prototype is built quickly to allow users to interact with it. ## Stage 3: User Evaluation **Testing** User evaluation is a critical stage in the system design process where the system or prototype is tested and assessed with real users. It helps determine whether the system meets the users' needs, performs as expected, and is intuitive to use. This stage typically follows after the initial design and prototype development phases. - Users test the prototype and provide feedback. - Evaluate which features meet their needs and which need improvement. - Gather feedback on both functionality and user interface. ## Stage 4: Refinement of Prototype **Features controls** Refinement of the prototype is a crucial stage in the system design process. - Modify the prototype based on user feedback. - Add, remove, or change features as required. - This stage may involve several iterations of prototyping and feedback. ## Stage 5: Final System Development **Launch App** Once the prototype is refined and meets user needs, the final system is developed. The system is built to full specifications, using the lessons learned from the prototype. ## Types of Prototypes **Types** - **Throwaway/Rapid Prototyping:** Build quickly, discard after use. - **Evolutionary Prototyping:** Continuously refine and evolve. - **Incremental Prototyping:** Build and release in small functional chunks. - **Extreme Prototyping:** A web-based variant, focusing on rapid user feedback. ## Throwaway/Rapid Prototyping Throwaway Prototyping is ideal when you're in the early stages of a project and need to validate concepts or gather user feedback, but don't expect to reuse the prototype code in the final product. - A quick, temporary version of the system is built to gather feedback. - The prototype is discarded, and the system is developed based on feedback. - Useful when system requirements are unclear. ## Evolutionary Prototyping **Waterfall in Action** The prototype is continuously improved and refined. - Functionalities are added over time based on user feedback. - Ideal for complex systems where requirements evolve. ## Incremental Prototyping **Tech Industry Usage** - The system is developed and delivered in small, manageable parts. - Each part of the system is a prototype, with features added incrementally. - Useful for systems that need to be delivered in phases. ## Extreme Prototyping **UserExperience** - Primarily used for web based applications. - Involves rapid development of the interface, followed by integration with backend systems. - Emphasizes early feedback on user experience. ## Advantages of the Prototyping Model **Good Side** - User Feedback: Early interaction leads to clearer requirements and better alignment with user needs. - Flexibility: Allows for changes and refinements as development progresses. - Increased User Satisfaction: Users feel involved, leading to better adoption of the final system. - Reduced Risk of Misunderstanding: Prototypes allow for tangible demonstrations rather than abstract requirements. ## Disadvantages of the Prototyping Model **Bad Side** - Misleading Expectations: Users may assume that the prototype represents the final product. - Scope Creep: Constant changes based on feedback may lead to scope changes and delays. - Incomplete Prototypes: Prototypes may not include all features, leading to gaps in the final product. - Time and Resources: Creating and refining prototypes can be resource-intensive. ## When to Use the Prototyping Model **Achieving Success** - Unclear Requirements: When requirements are vague or difficult to specify in detail. - User-Centric Systems: When involving users early and frequently is critical to system success. - Rapid Development: When speed is a priority and the system can evolve incrementally. ## Challenges in Prototyping **Achieving Success** - User Expectations: Users may mistake prototypes for fully functional systems. - Complexity: Developing and refining prototypes can be complex and time-consuming. - Lack of Documentation: Prototypes may not have sufficient documentation, leading to confusion later. - Overemphasis on the Prototype: Developers might focus too much on making the prototype functional rather than meeting the full system requirements. ## Prototyping Vs Agile Development **Achieving Success** - User Expectations: Users may mistake prototypes for fully functional systems. - Complexity: Developing and refining prototypes can be complex and time-consuming. - Lack of Documentation: Prototypes may not have sufficient documentation, leading to confusion later. - Overemphasis on the Prototype: Developers might focus too much on making the prototype functional rather than meeting the full system requirements. ## Thank You! **Questions Time**