Prototyping Model in System Analysis PDF

Prototyping Model in System Analysis LECTURE IV Lecturer Prof. A-B. Alhassan / Mr. S. Ibrahim  01 Introduction to Prototyping Table of 02 Why Use the Prototyping Model? Contents 03 Characteristics of Prototyping Model 04 Stages of Prototyping Model 05...

Prototyping Model in System Analysis LECTURE IV Lecturer Prof. A-B. Alhassan / Mr. S. Ibrahim  01 Introduction to Prototyping Table of 02 Why Use the Prototyping Model? Contents 03 Characteristics of Prototyping Model 04 Stages of Prototyping Model 05 Stage 1: Requirement Identification 06 Stage 2: Prototype Development 07 Stage 3: User Evaluation 08 Stage 4: Refinement of Prototype 09 Stage 5: Final System Development 10 Types of Prototypes 11 Throwaway/Rapid Prototyping 12 Evolutionary Prototyping  13 Incremental Prototyping Table of 14 Extreme Prototyping Contents 15 Advantages of the Prototyping Model 16 Disadvantages of the Prototyping Model 17 When to Use the Prototyping Model 18 Challenges in Prototyping 19 Prototyping in Agile Development 20 Thank You!  1 Introduction to Prototyping What is the Prototyping Model? Prototyping Model is a software development model used to define the design and functionality of a system through iterative development and refinement of prototypes. Unlike traditional models like the Waterfall model, where the full system is developed in a linear sequence, prototyping involves creating a working model (or prototype) of the system early in the development process. This prototype is then tested and modified based on user feedback until the system meets the desired requirements. Photo by Pexels  2 Why Use the Prototyping Model? Structured & Predictable The Prototyping Model is used in software development for several key reasons. It involves creating prototypes (early versions or mockups) of a system to help users visualize and refine the final product. Here’s why the Prototyping Model is often chosen:  Allows users to interact with a working model early in the process.  Helps to clarify requirements and features.  Facilitates user feedback, leading to better user satisfaction. Photo by Pexels  3 Characteristics of Prototyping Model Step-by-Step Flow  Iterative process: Repeated cycles of prototyping and refinement.  User involvement: Continuous user feedback.  Flexibility: Changes can be made after user testing.  Partial functionality: Prototypes may not have full functionality.  4 Stages of Prototyping Model Defining What’s Needed  Requirement Identification  Prototype Development  User Evaluation  Refinement of Prototype  Final System Development Photo by Pexels  5 Stage 1: Requirement Identification Creating the Blueprint Collect initial system requirements from users. Identify the basic functionality that needs to be included. Requirements are typically vague or incomplete at this stage.  6 Stage 2: Prototype Development Bringing Designs to Life Develop an early, partial version of the system. Focus on the core features and functionalities. This prototype is built quickly to allow users to interact with it. Photo by Pexels 7 Stage 3: User Evaluation Ensuring Quality Users test the prototype and provide feedback. Evaluate which features meet their needs and which need improvement. Gather feedback on both functionality and user interface.  8 Stage 4: Refinement of Prototype Support After Launch Modify the prototype based on user feedback. Add, remove, or change features as required. This stage may involve several iterations of prototyping and feedback.  9 Stage 5: Final System Development Benefits of the Model  Once the prototype is refined and meets user needs, the final system is developed.  The system is built to full specifications, using the lessons learned from the prototype. Photo by Pexels  1 0 Types of Prototypes Limitations to Consider  1.Throwaway/Rapid Prototyping: Build quickly, discard after use.  2.Evolutionary Prototyping: Continuously refine and evolve.  3.Incremental Prototyping: Build and release in small functional chunks.  4.Extreme Prototyping: A web-based variant, focusing on rapid user feedback. Photo by Pexels  1 Throwaway/Rapid 1 Prototyping Two Approaches Compared  A quick, temporary version of the system is built to gather feedback.  The prototype is discarded, and the system is developed based on feedback.  Useful when system requirements are unclear.  1 2 Evolutionary Prototyping Waterfall in Action The prototype is continuously improved and refined. Functionalities are added over time based on user feedback. Ideal for complex systems where requirements evolve. Photo by Pexels  1 3 Incremental Prototyping Tech Industry Usage The system is developed and delivered in small, manageable parts. Each part of the system is a prototype, with features added incrementally. Useful for systems that need to be delivered in phases. Photo by Pexels  1 4 Extreme Prototyping Crucial for Success Primarily used for web-based applications. Involves rapid development of the interface, followed by integration with backend systems. Emphasizes early feedback on user experience. Photo by Pexels  1 Advantages of the 5 Prototyping Model When to Choose it User Feedback: Early interaction leads to clearer requirements and better alignment with user needs. Flexibility: Allows for changes and refinements as development progresses. Increased User Satisfaction: Users feel involved, leading to better adoption of the final system. Reduced Risk of Misunderstanding: Prototypes allow for tangible demonstrations rather than abstract requirements. Photo by Pexels  1 Disadvantages of 6 the Prototyping Model Achieving Success Misleading Expectations: Users may assume that the prototype represents the final product. Scope Creep: Constant changes based on feedback may lead to scope changes and delays. Incomplete Prototypes: Prototypes may not include all features, leading to gaps in the final product. Time and Resources: Creating and refining prototypes can be resource-intensive. Photo by Pexels  1 6 When to Use the Prototyping Model Achieving Success Unclear Requirements: When requirements are vague or difficult to specify in detail. User-Centric Systems: When involving users early and frequently is critical to system success. Rapid Development: When speed is a priority and the system can evolve incrementally. Photo by Pexels  1 6 Challenges in Prototyping Achieving Success User Expectations: Users may mistake prototypes for fully functional systems. Complexity: Developing and refining prototypes can be complex and time-consuming. Lack of Documentation: Prototypes may not have sufficient documentation, leading to confusion later. Overemphasis on the Prototype: Developers might focus too much on making the prototype functional rather than meeting the full system requirements. Photo by Pexels  1 6 Prototyping Vs Agile Development Achieving Success User Expectations: Users may mistake prototypes for fully functional systems. Complexity: Developing and refining prototypes can be complex and time-consuming. Lack of Documentation: Prototypes may not have sufficient documentation, leading to confusion later. Overemphasis on the Prototype: Developers might focus too much on making the prototype functional rather than meeting the full system requirements. Photo by Pexels  1 7 Thank You! Questions Time Photo by Pexels