Symbols_241108_195652 PDF

# Frequently Occurring Words ## Verbs - speak, say, announce, declare, etc. - want, wish, desire, hope for - think, consider, hold the view, be minded to, be of the conviction - propose, suggest, put forward, move to, nominate ## Nouns - support, backing, endorsement, etc. - consequence, result,...

# Frequently Occurring Words ## Verbs - speak, say, announce, declare, etc. - want, wish, desire, hope for - think, consider, hold the view, be minded to, be of the conviction - propose, suggest, put forward, move to, nominate ## Nouns - support, backing, endorsement, etc. - consequence, result, end-effect, ramifications, repercussions - problem, difficulty, hindrance, hurdle, stumbling block (which gives us this symbol) - country - policy - money, financing, payment - industry (this symbol represents a chimney with smoke coming out of it) ## Verbs or Nouns - support, backing, endorsement, etc. - decide, decision - change, reform, overhaul, rework, redraft, amend ## Country - country - nation - state **National (adjective)** - national (adjective) - nationally - to nationalize - nationalisation - national (noun), citizen > **country's** - a country's development > **duties** - an increase in duties > **science** - scientific progress > **patient** - the patient's recovery > **salaries** - a rise in salaries > **living stand** - an improvement in the standard of living > **prices** - inflation > **Rozan, 2003:29 [1956:32]** ## **Verbs and Their Meanings** | Symbol | Verb | |---|---| | ← | come from, derive | | K | rise, increase, grow, climb etc. | | لا | fall, decline, slide, slip, drop, shrink | | ↔ | exchange, relations | | ← | lead to, consequence of, therefore | | G | continue | | 5 | return, come back, reverse, regress | ## Adjectives | Symbol | Adjective | |---|---| | 0 | pleased | | 0 | annoyed, unhappy, unimpressed, etc. | | 0 | very unhappy, disgusted, etc. | | 1° | to think | | 1° | to know (For me, the straight line denotes certainty, in comparison to the squiggly line for "to think".) ## Nouns | Symbol | Noun | |---|---| | 0 | person | | 0 | country | | econ | economy | | E | energy | | π | policy | | n | that, which | **National (noun), citizen** **Economist** **Energy expert, supplier** **Politician** **Who** ## Verbs and Their Meanings > **rise (etc.)** > - rise sharply, jump, soar > - rise dramatically, leap, skyrocket etc. > - faltering rise, etc. > **say** - assert > **poor** - very poor > **poor** - grinding, crushing poverty, destitution, or poorest (with the double underlining denoting the superlative) > **poor** - fairly poor, more or less badly off. ## Grammar | Symbol | Meaning | |---|---| | X | not | | ? | introducing a question| | ask | past tense of verb | | ask | future tense of verb | | ask | conditional of verb |