Syllabus for Principles of GIS, SEM I batch 2024-26

SYMBIOSIS INSTITUTE OF GEOINFORMATICS, Pune Student Syllabus Copy: 2024-26 Sem I Course Title: Principles of GIS Number of Credits: 4 Course Outline Sr.N Topics o. 1 Introduction to GIS History of GIS, components of GIS, hardware and software 2...

SYMBIOSIS INSTITUTE OF GEOINFORMATICS, Pune Student Syllabus Copy: 2024-26 Sem I Course Title: Principles of GIS Number of Credits: 4 Course Outline Sr.N Topics o. 1 Introduction to GIS History of GIS, components of GIS, hardware and software 2 GIS functionality Data capture, management, analysis and visualization, applications of GIS, overview of GIS software 3 Data Formats and preprocessing Digital map formats, Vector formats, Raster formats, Attribute information, Data conversion 4 Data Pre-processing Georeferencing: data sources, data input, scanning systems, digitization, on- screen digitization, Data processing,Data editing, errors and quality control, choice between raster and vector 5 Data transformation Tessellation data model, raster data models, grid data, TIN vector data model, spaghetti data model, whole polygon structure 6 Data models Topological data model, entity relationship, overlay, data transformations, raster and vector data conversion 7 Data structures Hierarchical structure and relational structure 8 Data compression Quadtree, run-length encoding, wavelet transforms 9 Open GIS Introduction of Open Concept in GIS 10 Spatial data quality Sources of error, Data quality parameters, standards 11 Lab Sessions Introduction to ArcGIS  a) Overview of GIS : Introduction to data extraction b) Data formats in GIS: shape and coverage file, import of data, feature class, c) Map reading, Map symbology d) Geodatabase, data frames, displaying qualitative/quantitative features, labeling features. e) Georeferencing: coordinating system, datum conversion, map projection, f) Storing and viewing projection information. g) Vector data: creating new features, editing functions, digitization, errors and creation of topology. h) Aspatial data: Understanding tables, field types, table manipulation, table relation, i) Creation of graphs and reports. j) Map design and map composition k) Spatial analysis: Query by location/ attribute, Buffer, basic analysis Introduction to open source software (a) Demo of open source software Books Recommended 1. Mitchell, A., & Minami, M. (1999). The ESRI guide to GIS analysis: geographic patterns & relationships (Vol. 1). ESRI, Inc. 2. Burrough, P. A., McDonnell, R., McDonnell, R. A., & Lloyd, C. D. (2015). Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford university press. 3. Ian, H. (2010). An introduction to geographical information systems. Pearson Education India. 4. Longley, P. A. (2005). Geographical Information Systems: Principles, Techniques, Management and Applications (Abridged Edition) (p. 1). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Course Title: Principles of Remote Sensing Number of Credits: 4 Course Outline Sr.N Topics o. 1 Introduction to Remote Sensing Definitions, History of remote sensing, Energy sources and radiation principles, EMR and spectrum, Atmospheric window, Scattering, EMR interaction with earth surface features ( reflection, absorption, emission and transmission), Spectral reflectance curve of vegetation, soil, water bodies 2 Remote Sensing Types, Platform and Sensor Types of remote sensing (active and passive; Imagining and Non-imaging), Orbit and platforms of earth Observation, Sensors and scanners, Sensor classification, Sensor parameters (resolution; spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal) 3 Elements of Satellite Images Digital number, pixels, data products and types, Image formats and its types (e.g. BIL, BIP, BSQ), metadata 4 Multispectral Remote Sensing Color theory (RGB model and IHS model), Nature and construction of multispectral image (Natural color composite and False color composite), Introduction to commonly used multi-spectral remote sensing satellite systems (e.g. IRS series, Spot series etc.) 5 Image Interpretation Nature of qualitative information and Sequence in interpretation; Elements of Image Interpretation, Interpretation keys 6 Thermal infrared Remote Sensing Concepts, Physics of electromagnetic radiation with special reference to infrared radiation, Diurnal effect, Thermal image interpretation, Information extraction from thermal imagery 7 Microwave Remote Sensing Microwave band designation, Microwave interaction with atmospheric constituents, Earth's surface, vegetation, and ocean, Radar; Real and synthetic aperture radars, Imaging radar principles, Elements of RADAR image, Effects of terrain and image geometry, SLAR, SAR, resolution considerations, polarimetry, Interferometry 8 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Concept of hyperspectral imagery, data collection systems, calibration and processing techniques, Hyperspectral image cube, Applications of hyperspectral data 9 LIDAR system and applications Nature of LIDAR data, Lidar data processing, 3D visualization and analysis using LIDAR data  10 Lab Sessions a) Introduction to ERDAS b) View and edit images c) Import and export various image formats d) Preprocessing with subset e) Image mosaiking f) Image Georeferencing g) Preparing Map in Erdas h) Extracting temperature data from thermal image i) Microwave image processing with noise removal SAR and interferometry j) Hyperspectral image processing with target detection, anomaly detection and material mapping using spectral libraries. k) LIDAR data processing with 3D surface generation, calculating height, line of site, profile and volumetric analysis. Books Recommended th 1. Campbell, J. B. (2002): Introduction to Remote Sensing. 5 ed. Taylor & Francis, London. 2. Cracknell, A. et al. (1990): Remote Sensing Year Book, Taylor and Francis, London. 3. Curran, P.J. (1985): Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, London. 4. Deekshatulu, B.L. & Rajan, Y.S. (ed.) (1984): Remote Sensing. Indian Acd. of Science, Bangalore. 5. Floyd, F., Sabins, Jr. (1986): Remote Sensing :Principles and Interpretation, W.H. Freeman, New York. 6. Guham, P. K. (2003): Remote Sensing for Beginners. Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 7. Lillesand, T.M. and Kiefer, R.W. (2000): Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 8. Jensen, J. R. (2007): Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective. 2nd Edition, Upper Saddle River:Prentice-Hall, 592 p.2007. 9. Pramod K. Varshney and Manoj K. Arora (2004): Advanced Image Processing Techniques for Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Data. Springer publication Course Name: Applied Statistics Number of Credits: 3 Course Outline S. No. Topic Introduction to statistics. Descriptive statistics; graphical and numerical representation of information measures of location, dispersion, position, and 1 dependence exploratory data analysis. Elementary probability theory, discrete and continuous probability models. 2 Inferential statistics, tests of statistical hypotheses Inferences involving one or 3 two populations, ANOVA, Correlation , regression analysis, and chi-square tests Introduction to R: Variables in R, Vectors, Data Frames, Reading data into R, 4 Exporting data from R, Graphics in R Basic Statistics reviewed: Graphical representation of data, the normal distribution, t distribution, R functions for calculating probabilities & quantiles, 5 F distribution. Statistical tests: The three t-tests, ANOVA, Chi-square test of independence, 6 Correlation and Regression Analysis using R Books Recommended Fundamentals of Business Statistics by Sharma J.K. Business Statistics by Khandelwal S.K. Course Title: Global Navigation Satellite Systems Number of Credits: 3 Course Outline Sr.N Topics o. 1 History and Development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Concept of GNSS, evolution of early navigation systems (e.g., LORAN, TRANSIT etc.) and development of present day GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo), regional navigation satellite systems (IRNSS, DORIS, Quasi Zenith) 2 GNSS Architecture GNSS segments (space, control and receiver), GNSS signal and components, navigational frequency bands for GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo, generation of GNSS signal (e.g., C/A, P (Y) etc.) and transmission, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) 3 GNSS Measurement Basic principles of satellite navigation, measuring of signal travel time, determining position, pseudo range, GNSS Positioning services (SPS and PPS), code based measurement, carrier phase based measurement 4 Error Analysis and Dilution of Precision GNSS errors and classification, random error, systematic error, gross error, satellite dependent error, receiver dependent, medium dependent and multipath error, DOP and their types 5 Surveying Concept, shape and size of the Earth, mathematical models of Earth’s shape; Geoid, Datum (spheroid and ellipsoid), coordinate systems, map projections, types of surveying; static surveying, kinematic surveying and DGPS surveying 6 Lab Session 1. Introduction to GNSS data format (RINEX) 2. Estimating accuracy of GNSS observations 3. Introduction to gLAB 4. Visualization of GNSS data and corrections 5. Measurement analysis and error budget 6. Generating topographic surface and detecting changes Books Recommended Book Author Publisher Environmental monitoring using Awange, J. L. 2012 Springer, Berlin GNSS: Global navigation satellite systems GNSSglobal navigation satellite Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Springer systems: GPS, GLONASS, Lichtenegger, H., Wasle, E. Galileo, and more 2007 Satellite Navigation Systems Rycroft, M., Rycroft, M. 2010 Springer Netherlands. Course Title: Python for Geospatial Technology Number of Credits: 3 Course Outline S. No. Topic Introduction to programming concepts Introduction to Python: History , Features 1 Basics of Python: 2 Get Interactive with Variables and User Input: python object, Basic Syntax , and Data structure basics, Operator Python Data Structures : Introduction to strings, string slicing, print formatting, 3 Lists , Tuples and Dictionaries, Set and Booleans Decision making and Loops in Python in Python : If 4 If- else, Nested if-else, For , While, Nested loops Break , Continue , Pass Functions in Python: Inbuilt functions : Overview python function library, Math, String, Date time functions in Python 5 User Defined Functions: Defining a function, Calling a function Types of functions ,Function Arguments , Anonymous functions Global and local variables, Understanding the GIS data and it’s workflow., How to add or read the GIS data, Exploring various GIS libraries, Working with Vector Data 6 Working with Raster data 7 Lab: Practice programs Books Recommended 1. “Dive into Python”, Pilgrim Mark., 2nd Edition, 2009. 2. “Think Python”, Downey B. Alley, 2nd Edition, August 2012. Course Name: Computer Fundamental and Cyber security Number of Credits: 2 Course Outline S. No. Topic Introduction to computers, Characteristics & limitations, Classifications of 1 computers, Computer Architecture Computer Interface, Types of Software, Operating Systems What is an algorithm? Properties of algorithms, Types of algorithms: 2 Probabilistic, Approximate and heuristic examples Flowchart: All symbols used for preparing flowcharts, advantages and disadvantages of flowcharts, examples Pseudo code: Guidelines for preparing 3 pseudo code, advantages and disadvantages of pseudo code Basic concepts of Logic, Types of logic and its uses in programming, Introduction to programming: The structure of a typical program, program 4 development cycle, Program control structure, Sequence control, selection control repletion control, data declaration, concept of variables, Arithmetic expressions, control statements, Looping, decision making, procedures and parameters, arrays, all types of functions, programs for data entry, editing and data retrieval, programming characteristics Programming 5 Classification: Unstructured, structured and object oriented, programming language classification: machine level, assembly level and high level languages Introduction to LAN, MAN, WAN Protocols and various topologies like Ring, 6 Bus, Star etc.. OSI Model Application and security, Data information and knowledge, Cyber security, 7 Security threat and attack, 8 Presentations on current technologies Books Recommended Computer Fundamentals by P.K. Sinha Computer Fundamentals by Anita Goel Computer Basics bu Dheeraj Mehrota Programming Logic and Design by Joyce Farell Problem solving and programming concepts by Moureen Sprankle & Jim Hubbard. Course Title: Research Methodology in GIS Number of Credits: 2 Course Outline Sr.N Topics o. 1 Introduction to Geoinformatics and Research Research and application areas of remote sensing, spatial research method, Scientific and Critical thinking, Research and its Types 2 Research Framework Ontology , Epistemology, Methodology 3 Collection of Data Data for spatial research, Factors influencing the Selection of spatial data, Factors influencing the selection of ancillary data 4 Analysis of Data Data analysis and data Mining, Multi-concept in spatial data collection and analysis, Level of detail, Limitations of spatial data analysis, Converting spatial data into Information 5 Research Design Research design, Functions of research design, Features of research sesign, Sampling design, Observational design Analytical design, Operational design 6 Documenting the Research Research paper, Dissertation, Thesis Referencing style, Some Guidelines on Writing Books Recommended 1. Adler, E., & Clark, R. (2007). How it's done: An invitation to social research. Cengage Learning. 2. Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.