summer Chapter_008.pptx

Community Pharmacy Practice Chapter 8 Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1  Lesson 8.1 Community Pharmacy Practice  List and describe the different types of community pharmacies.  Explain the pharmacy technician’s role in the m...

Community Pharmacy Practice Chapter 8 Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1  Lesson 8.1 Community Pharmacy Practice  List and describe the different types of community pharmacies.  Explain the pharmacy technician’s role in the medication use process.  Identify state laws and regulations related to receiving and screening prescription orders.  Assess prescription orders for completeness and authenticity when receiving orders via paper or electronic systems.  Efficiently obtain information to complete a prescription order. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2  Lesson 8.1 Community Pharmacy Practice  Explain special procedures pharmacy technicians are responsible for in preparing, storing, and distributing controlled substances.  Explain the pharmacy technician’s role in preparing medications for distribution.  Outline the process of creating a new patient profile and entering data into an existing patient profile.  Accurately count or measure finished dosage forms as specified by the prescription/medication order.  Explain the protocol for assembling appropriate patient information materials.  Collect needed information from the patient profile. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3  Lesson 8.1 Community Pharmacy Practice  Identify all situations in which the patient requires the attention of a pharmacist.  Identify situations in the screening of refills and renewals in which the technician should notify the pharmacist of potential inappropriateness.  Describe the layout of the pharmacy and list the important areas.  Discuss effective verbal and written communication skills, including listening skills. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4  Lesson 8.1 Community Pharmacy Practice  Examine strategies for communicating with patients who are non-English speakers or who have other special needs, such as vision or hearing problems, a low reading level, or difficulty understanding instructions.  Demonstrate a respectful attitude with diverse groups of people.  Recognize effective interpersonal and teamwork skills in working with health care teams.  Identify state laws and regulations regarding the technician’s role in immunizations.  Explain the purpose of monitoring a patient’s medication therapy. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Types of Community Pharmacies  Sole proprietorship: Independent pharmacy  Services provided depended on pharmacist, location, and patient population  The owner of an independent pharmacy was/is normally the pharmacist in charge  The services provided is varied based on the pharmacist, the location of the pharmacy, an patients population  Many are compounded pharmacies  May also sell or rent durable medical equipment Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6  Types of community pharmacies  Franchise: Authorization to operate under a well-known trade name  A Bussiness organization in which a pharmacy with a successful product or service (the franchisor) enters into a continuing contractal relationship with other pharmacies.  Examples: medicine shoppe, goo neighbor pharmacy, care pharmacy Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Types of Community Pharmacies  Chain pharmacy: Corporate-owned, share brand and central management, standardized business practices  Must have at least two locations and a central headquarters that overseen by bored of directors.  CVS and Walgreens are two largest pharmacy chains  Maybe classified as mass merchandisers (target), discounters (Wal-Mart, K-Mart); discounters (Costco, BJ’s), or grocery stores (Safeway) Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Role of the Pharmacy Technician  Provide customer services  Take the information needed to fill a prescription from customers or health professionals  Visually scan new prescriptions to ensure that they contain all of the required information  Answer the telephone  Obtain refill information from the patient Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Role of the pharmacy Technician  Input various types of data into a pharmacy information system  Add a prescriber to a database  Add a new patient to a database  Update a patient’s profile or prescriber’s information  Add insurance plans to a database  Add a drug to the database  Enter a new prescription  Obtain a refill authorization  Process a new prescription for prior drug approval  Refill, transfer (with a pharmacist’s assistance), file or reverse a prescription  Run various productivity reports Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Role of the pharmacy Technician  Compound prescriptions  Perform necessary calculations before compounding a prescription  Weight or measure amounts of medication for prescriptions  Clean equipment after compounding Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Role of the pharmacy Technician  Package and label prescriptions  Count the prescribed quantity of medication  Select the appropriate container  Apply both the prescription and auxiliary label to the container in a professional manner  Print the appropriate literature for each prescription to give to the patient  Return the medication to the shelf price the meications Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Role of the pharmacy Technician  Organize inventory an alert pharmacists to any shortages of medications or supplies  Reorder medications and pharmacy supplies  Check the ordered medication against the packing slip  Place ordered medication in its appropriate place on the shelf  Check pharmacy stock for medication that may have short dating  Accept payment for prescriptions and process insurance claims  Arrange for customers to speak with the pharmacist if customers have questions about medications or health matters  Perform pharmacy housekeeping tasks Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13  Prescription Laws and Regulations  Prescriptions: is an order for medication issued by a physician, dentist, or other properly licensed practitioner (PA,NP).  Classifications of medications: With or without prescription(OTC)  Federal legend: No dispensing without a prescription  Combat Methamphetamine Act: Sub-classified over-the- counter (OTC) medication into behind-the-counter (BTC) medication (the medications that contain pseudoephedrine, an ingredient used to make methamphetamine.  Must be purchased under pharmacist supervision Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14  Prescription Laws and Regulations  Individuals who want to purchase products containing pseudoephedrine must buy them at the pharmacy counter under the supervision of a pharmacist and provide proper identification  The purchaser must be at least 16 years of age.  An individual may purchase up to 3.6 g in 1 day or no more than 9g within a 30 day period. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15  Prescription Laws and Regulations  A prescription may be given to the patient to take to pharmacy or mail to mail-order pharmacy.  A physician may designate an employee of his or her practice to telephone a prescription into the pharmacy, in this case pharmacist must create a written form of the telephoned order.  Physician may fax patient’s prescription to the pharmacy Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16  E-Prescribing  Computer transfer of prescription data  Functions include:  Messages about new prescriptions and prescription changes  Refill requests and prescription fill status  Prescription cancellation and medication history  Involves many participants in the health care system  E-prescribing involves a wide ranges of participants (practitioners, clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, software vendors, laboratories, Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 and state and feral governments)  Advantages of E-Prescribing  Reducing or eliminating errors associated with illegible handwriting  Enabling prescribers to receive on screen prompts for drug-specific dosing information  Linking information from a patient’s medical file to a patient’s prescription file  Notifying the prescriber if a drug product is covered by the patient’s insurance plan when the order is generated rather than when it is presented at the pharmacy  Expediting refills  Facilitating data exchange between the physician and the pharmacist an ultimately their patients Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18  Prescription Information  The first a pharmacy tech does when receiving a new prescription is to determine whether the patient has had prescriptions filled at the pharmacy previously.  If the previous patient then the pharmacy tech verifies the accuracy of the information in the patient’s profile.  If the new patient then the phamacy tech collects the necessary information Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19  Prescription Information  Necessary collecting information of patients:  Patient’s complete name  Pt’s home address (street ,city ,state ,zip code)  Pt’s DOB  All allergies (food and drug)  Pt’s current physical condition  Prescription drug card info (group#, member# and relationship to the cardholder)  Whether the pt wants to receive generic medications  A list of any OTC an BTC medications the patient takes Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20   Prescription Information  Patient’s profile includes:  Is a list of the patient’s prescriptions and related information:  Original date of fill, refill dates, prescribing practitioner  Pt’s profile is a tool to eliminate medication errors  It can identify multiple pharmacological effects caused by medications being prescribed  Distinguish multiple physicians that patient may be using  Can disclose possible drug abuse by the Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21 patient  Prescriber Information  Prescriber’s name, office address, telephone number  Prescriber  Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) number if controlled substances are written  A license number and/or National Provider Identifier (NPI) number Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22  Patient information  Use identifying information such as:  Patient's complete name and address  Telephone number and birth date  The date must be included Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23  Prescription Date  The date of prescription was written by the prescriber must appear on the prescription  If there has been time relapse between the date the prescription written and when it was received by the pharmacy, the pharmacist questions the intent of the physician and whether the patient’s needs are being met. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24  Language of Prescriptions  Superscription: Rx symbol means “take this drug” in Latin  Inscription: contains the medication name, dosage form, strength, and quantity.  Subscription: Directions to the pharmacist or pharmacy technician on how to compound a prescription  Signatura (signa or sig): Directions to the patient on how to take the prescribed medication Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25  Prescription Processing  Intake  Data entry  Patient and prescriber information  Medication, supply, and directions for use  Prescription refills  Generic substitutions  Dispense as written (DAW) codes and prescription and adjudication Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26  Prescription Drug Benefits  Prescription drug benefit defines the drug coverage provided to the member  Receive a prescription drug card  The card contains the necessary information  information on the card can be as following:  A group #  Subscriber#  A person code: “01” self, “02” spouse, “03” child (it may vary according to the plan)  A bank identification number (BIN#) is a field in the telecommunication standard that is used for the routing and identification of pharmacy claims; six-digit Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27  Medication  A pharmacy tech must enter the following to type a medication  Name of the medication  Strength  Quantity  Number of refills  all quantities ordered are to be expressed in metric quantities (example: 4 ounces= 120ml) Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28  Calculating the day’s supply  Day’s supply= total quantity dispensed/ total quantity taken per day  For drops: 20 drops per 1 ml  Day’s supply= (20gtts/ml x number of ml)/ number of drops instilled per day  For inhalation:  Number of inhalations per container/number of inhalations breathed in each day Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 29  Direction for use  Begin with a verb  Identify the dosage form  Indicate the route of administration  Do not use abbreviations  Use terminology in everyday language so that the patient understands it  If prescriber writes “as directed”, technician should promptly inform the pharmacist , and the pharmacist will call the prescriber for explicit directions. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 30  Prescription Refills  The pharmacy tech must enter the approved # of refills from the prescriber into the computer system.  Pharmacy tech must know what do to in case of “PRN” refills  If no refills is written by MD, then zero must be entered. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31  Generic Substitution  If a prescriber authorized a generic drug to be dispensed, then the tech will dispense the generic  Some states require the prescriber to write “dispense as written” or “brand name medically necessary” in their own handwriting on the prescription Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32  Dispense as Written (DAW) codes  DAW codes are numeric set of codes, created by NCPDP that are used when entering prescriptions into the computer. BOX 8-1  If failed to use correct DAW, the pharmacy may not be reimbursed properly. In addition a pharmacy may be audited by a third- party provider to verify that DAW code use was correct. If not correct DAW used the pharmacy maybe held responsible for refunding claims that were submitted incorrectly Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33  Prescription Adjudication  Is the process by which a prescription is submitted electronically to a third party so that the pharmacy can find out whether it will receive reimbursement for the medication  The pharmacy is notified of the status of the claim within a few seconds of submission  Most of the time, the pharmacy will be reimbursed however in some situations the prescription claim is rejected  The rejection cab be because :  Medication not covered  Refill requested too soon  Invalid card holder  If the prescription claim is rejected, the pharmacy is notified of the reason with one or two digit rejection Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34  Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE)  A prospective drug use review is conducted during drug utilization evaluation (DUE)  Compares all the medications in profile  Only as good as medications included in profile  Pharmacist must decide before processing  During the review the following factors are evaluated:  Drug overutilization  Drug underutilization  Therapeutic duplication  Drug-drug interactions  Incorrect dosages  Drug allergy  Incorrect duration of rug treatment  Clinical abuse or misuse  Drug-disease contraindications Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35  Scanning the Prescription and Prescription Labeling  Digital copy of prescription is available upon refill  Helps reduce errors  Labeling  Must be professional and neatly placed on container  Must include name, address, and phone number of dispensing pharmacy; prescription number; prescriber and patient names; date of prescription  Must also include name, strength and quantity, directions for use Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 36  Auxiliary Labels  Be sure the National Drug Code (NDC) number, lot number, and expiration date are visible  Additional information for patient (when is the best time to take the medication, potential side effect, remind when to discard the medication: reconstitutable antibiotics;  Colored-coded and bright  Normally printed with pharmacy label  Example: “Take with food” Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 37  Patient Product Information  Ensures that patients have information for proper use  Includes:  Clinical pharmacology, indications, and use  Contraindications  Warnings and precautions  Adverse reactions  Drug abuse and overdosage  Dosage an administration Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 38  Prescription Preparation  Pharmacy techs should take the prescription label with them when they go to the shelf to gather the medication  Review the NDC number  Check and double check prescription label  Count or pour  Double check the prescription against label and final product  Pull the medication from the shelf and return it to the dispensing are  Must take great care in selecting the prescribed dosage form and strength and the number of dosage unit dispensed  The prescription and the bottle should be checked for the second time  The final check should be performed before the prescription is bagged for pick up  Any medication that appears to have deteriorated and has passed the manufacturer’s date should never be dispensed. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 39  Prescription Preparation  If not having the medication to fill the prescription, pharmacy tech should tell it to the pharmacist and patient should be informed.  Pharmacy should offer to order the medication or locate it to another pharmacy  Many pharmacies use tray with a spatula to count solid dosage forms.  Best to count the dosage in multiple of five  To prevent contamination of tablets or capsules the counting tray should be wiped clean after each use because the powder from the tablets may remain on the tray.  High volume community pharmacies may use automatic counting machines during dispensing. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 40  More Steps of Prescription Preparation  Packaging the prescription: Container chosen based on type of medication  Checking the prescription: This will eliminate medication error  Filling prescriptions: Maintain electronic record of all filled and refilled prescriptions  Patient counseling: Counsel provided to every patient who receives a new prescription  Prescription payment: Options are generally cash, check or credit card Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 41  Scanning the manufacturer’s bottle  Many pharmacies use equipment to scan the bar code on the drug manufacturer’s bottle and compare it to NDC number of medication selected.  If the scanned bar code does not coincide with medication’s NDC number, the pharmacist is notified.  Process is use as a quality assurance measure to help eliminate medication errors. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 42  Packaging the prescription  A variety of medication containers is used in the community pharmacy, including:  Round vials used primarily for solid dosages (tablets, capsules, caplets)  Prescription bottles liquids  Dropper bottles ophthalmic, otic, nasal or oral liquids  Applicator bottles topical medication  Ointment jars and collapsible tubes ointments, creams and gels  Containers are amber in color, plastic or glass. The amber color protects the medication from breaking down due to sunlight  Plastic containers are lighter in weight, resistant to breakage, more adaptable in design  The poison prevention packaging act (PPPA) requires the pharmacist to dispense a prescription in a container that has Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 43 safety closure unless prescriber or patient requests otherwise.  Checking the Prescription  The pharmacist is responsible for checking the final prescription before it is dispensed  To verify that the actual medication an strength is being dispensed according to the prescriber’s original prescription  The pharmacist should verify the patient’s name, the prescription’s directions for use, the prescription number, the ate, the prescriber’s name Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 44  Filling Prescriptions  The pharmacy’s information system maintains an electronic record of all filled and refilled prescriptions.  The pharmacy is required by law to maintain the actual “hard copy” of the prescription.  Controlled Substances Act provides for two methods:  Three separate files: A file for schedule II controlled substances dispensed A file for schedule III, IV, and V controlled substances dispensed A file for all non-controlled drugs dispensed  Two separate files: A file for all schedule II controlled substances dispensed A file for all other drugs dispensed (non-controlled and those in schedules III, IV, and V) If this method is used, a prescription for a red “C” stamp is used  Electronic prescriptions for 2 years (e-prescribe) Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 45  Patient Counseling  OBRA 90 requires that an offer to counsel be made to every medical patient who receives a new prescription.  Often responsibility of the pharmacy tech to ask a pt whether he or she has any questions for the pharmacist  The pharmacist is responsible for identifying and resolving any problems involved with medication use.  Only the pharmacist is legally permitted to counsel a patient Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 46  Prescription Payment  Often it is responsibility of the pharmacy tech to collect pt’s payment  Cash , check or credit card Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 47  Prescription Refilling  Most electronically or fax  Can be done by technician  Schedule II: No refills  Must get the following information:  Patient name and phone number  Prescription name, number, and strength; physician's name  Most pharmacies request refills for the patient either through fax request or via telephone  Authorization will be treated as a new 48 prescription and begin with data entry Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Requesting Prescription Refill Authorization  Many states permit a pharmacy tech to contact the prescriber’s office for authorization of a refill.  May submit the refill request electronically or use phone call to MD’s office Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 49  Transferring a Prescription  Transferring a prescription requires:  Date and all information for receiving pharmacy  Name of pharmacist and number of refills  National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) and DEA number or receiving pharmacy  This information must be recorded by both the transferring and receiving pharmacies Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 50  Pharmacy Layout  Intake window area: where a patient rops off the prescription to be filled  Bench (pharmacy work area)  Stock area: Where all the different medications are kept  Nonsterile or sterile compounding area: Away from other workflow to avoid distractions  Pharmacy order check-in area: Where warehouse and wholesaler deliveries are received  Reconstitution area: Dehydrated products are returned to liquid state Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 51  Pharmacy Layout  Stock area: Where all the different medications are kept  Some pharmacies arrange medication: alphabetically, generic and brand, based on oral dosage forms (tablets an capsules), oral liquids, reconstituted liquids (antibiotics), oral contraceptives, inhalation products, topical agents, ophthalmic an otic products, vaginal and rectal products and refrigerated products.  Some community pharmacies have an area for “fast movers”.  A retail pharmacy has a locked safe to ensure that schedule II medications are kept secure at all times.  For medications that need to be refrigerated, the pharmacy must have adequate facilities, including a monitoring thermometer  Pharmacist and pharmacist techs should never place their lunch or beverage in a refrigerator designated for medications Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 52  Pharmacy Layout  Nonsterile or sterile compounding area: Away from other workflow to avoid distractions  The area should be kept clean and free of clutter at all times  All equipment should be examined for cleanliness before use and washed immediately after use  Isopropyl 70% alcohol is often used to clean the compounding area  Boards of pharmacy required a sink with hot and cold running water and proper drainage  Disposable paper towels should be kept a distance away from the compounding procedures. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 53  Pharmacy Layout  Pharmacy order check-in area: Where warehouse and wholesaler deliveries are received  A pharmacy tech checks the medication receive against the accompanying packaging slip to ensure that everything ordere was received.  Put the medications in proper places shelves or refrigerator Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 54  Pharmacy Layout  Reconstitution area: is a process in which a dehydration product is returned to a liquid state.  Most common type is liquid antibiotics  Distilled water is used  Not reconstituted until the patient arrives to pick up the prescription  Many reconstituted antibiotics must be refrigerated after mixing with distilled water Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 55  Pharmacy Layout (Cont.)  Repackaging area  Pharmacy records: Maintain original prescription on file as long as is required  Patient bins: Where prescriptions awaiting pickup are kept  Prescription pickup window: Where patient picks up and pays for prescription  Consultation area  Drive-through window: Patients pick up, drop off, and request refills without leaving the vehicle Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 56  Communication  Verbal and nonverbal  Ask open-ended questions  Listen and make eye contact  Be empathetic  Tone of voice  Gestures Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 57 Interacting with the Pharmacist  Communicate in a clear and concise manner  Use proper terminology  Pharmacist should listen intently and request clarification if needed  Listen and provide feedback  Patient-centered care  The pharmacist should check the tech to ensure that he/she understood the communication  Sometimes there is a disconnection between the pharmacist and the pharmacy tech because of nonverbal communication Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 58  Elderly Patients  They experience more chronic conditions, which means more necessary medications  Process information at a slower rate, so speech should be based on ability to understand  May develop bodily changes or hearing impairments that affect communication  Some people must read lips  Keep sentences short and simple  Speech impairments  Dysarthria ( speech impairment involving interference with the normal control of the speech mechanism bc of the damage to specific facial muscles, eg: Parkinson’s dz) and aphasia (is a complex condition in which an individual has reduced ability to understand what others are saying and express himself or herself. Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 59  Mentally and Terminally Ill Patients  Mentally ill patients may not want to speak with pharmacist  Poor self-image or hesitancy interacting with people  Staff may have difficulty relating to the patient  May not know how much information to give  Terminally ill patients need supportive relationships  Five stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 60  Patients with Health Literacy Issues  Health literacy: is defined as the ability to read , understand an act on health care information  Ninety million at risk because people have difficulty understanding and acting on health information  Literacy skills are better predictor of an individual’s health status than age, income, education level,..  Many minorities have literacy problems  Lower literacy means higher health care costs  Poor understanding can lead to medical errors and lack of compliance  Increased risk of hospitalization Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 61  Caregivers  Must understand the patient's condition and treatment and communicate effectively  Pharmacy staff should demonstrate empathy toward the patient  Sensitivity of condition keeps many from seeking medical attention  A pharmacy tech should be aware that a pt may have difficulty discussing topics such as breast or prostate cancer, contraception, depression, hemorrhoids, incontinence, menopause, and sexual dysfunction  Develop trustworthiness by being friendly, ethical, and fair  Avoid words with multiple meanings and medical jargon  Use simple words  Recognize cross-cultural styles of speaking Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 62  Customer Service  Customer service is defined as the provision of service to customers before, during, and after a purchase  Customer service in health care is different from that in other industries because the customers are recipients of medical services that are critical to their health  Pharmacists provide information that will maximize therapeutic effects of medications  There are five rights of medication administration:  Right patient: Verify identity before giving patient medications  Right medication: Prepare the medication on the prescription order  Right time: Take at time ordered by physician  Right dose: Confirm against written medication order before dispensing  Right route of administration: Read order and prepare medication appropriately  As a tech you will encounter many unique individuals. Some of these individuals may not fully understand the prescription filling process, the legal requirements of filling a prescription, or their prescription Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 63 coverage Working with Health Care Teams  Appearance: Be well-groomed  Attitude: Keep up with the pharmacy field an know your subject  Efficiency: Complete work efficiently and correctly the first time  Helping out: Go the extra mile when co- workers are overwhelmed Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 64  Immunizations  Can only be administered by pharmacists  Pharmacy technicians can:  Help facilitate immunization programs  Reduce barriers to superior service  Help with documentation, billing, and reporting adverse events  Obtain cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and certification Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 65  Medication Therapy Management (MTM)  Medical therapy management (MTM): Pharmacy practices must evolve to ensure success  MTM covers a broad range of professional activities including but not limited to:  performing a patient assessment and/or a comprehensive medication review,  formulating a medication treatment plan,  monitoring the efficacy and safety of medication therapy,  enhancing medication adherence through patient empowerment  education and documenting and communicating MTM services to prescribes to maintain comprehensive patient care Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 66  Home Health Care  Home health care is defined as a health care services and health-related products provided to the patient at home  Home health care: Services are offered for a variety of reasons:  The number of elderly patients has increased growing nee for these products and services  Patients prefers to be treated in their homes  Services at home are less expensive  Pt can maintain his or her independence  Technology has evolved such that traditional treatments now can be performed in the pt’s home  Manage care supports the discharge of patients from hospital to the home Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 67  Long-Term Care services  Some community pharmacies have contracts with long-term facilities to provide medications for their residents.  Long-term care: Sub-acute care facilities, correctional facilities, assisted living facilities, board and care homes  Some of the responsibilities assigned to pharmacy technicians include Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 68  Long-Term Care Services  Some of the responsibilities assigned to pharmacy technicians in long-term care services are:  Entering computer data on prescription drug and nondrug orders  Repackaging and labeling medication  Packaging and labeling prescriptions  Ordering, receiving and stocking medications and supplies  Processing returned medications for reuse  Maintaining repackaging equipment  Maintaining a computerized info to include pt profiles and drug info requests  Billing prescription, OTC, and non drug services  Providing the necessary forms to the long-term care 69 facility Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Questions? Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 70