Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three types of community pharmacies mentioned in the content?
What are the three types of community pharmacies mentioned in the content?
Sole proprietorship, franchise, chain pharmacy
Which of the following is NOT a role of a pharmacy technician as mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a role of a pharmacy technician as mentioned in the content?
Prescriptions classified as 'Federal legend' require a prescription before dispensing.
Prescriptions classified as 'Federal legend' require a prescription before dispensing.
True
Under the Combat Methamphetamine Act, products containing pseudoephedrine must be purchased under __________ supervision.
Under the Combat Methamphetamine Act, products containing pseudoephedrine must be purchased under __________ supervision.
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Match the following prescription information with their respective categories:
Match the following prescription information with their respective categories:
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What does MTM stand for?
What does MTM stand for?
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Home health care services are more expensive than hospital treatments.
Home health care services are more expensive than hospital treatments.
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Pharmacy technicians in long-term care services are responsible for repackaging and labeling ____.
Pharmacy technicians in long-term care services are responsible for repackaging and labeling ____.
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What does OBRA 90 require in relation to patient counseling?
What does OBRA 90 require in relation to patient counseling?
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Pharmacy technicians are legally permitted to counsel patients.
Pharmacy technicians are legally permitted to counsel patients.
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What is the responsibility of the pharmacy technician in prescription payment?
What is the responsibility of the pharmacy technician in prescription payment?
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Which of the following components are included in the superscription of a prescription?
Which of the following components are included in the superscription of a prescription?
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Which pharmacy personnel can administer immunizations?
Which pharmacy personnel can administer immunizations?
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What does the term 'Signatura' refer to in the context of a prescription?
What does the term 'Signatura' refer to in the context of a prescription?
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Day’s supply = total quantity dispensed / total quantity taken per ____
Day’s supply = total quantity dispensed / total quantity taken per ____
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If a prescriber authorizes a generic drug to be dispensed, the pharmacy technician will dispense the brand name instead.
If a prescriber authorizes a generic drug to be dispensed, the pharmacy technician will dispense the brand name instead.
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Study Notes
Community Pharmacy Practice
- Types of community pharmacies:
- Sole proprietorship: Independent pharmacy, services provided depend on pharmacist, location, and patient population.
- Franchise: Authorization to operate under a well-known trade name, e.g. Medicine Shoppe, Good Neighbor Pharmacy.
- Chain pharmacy: Corporate-owned, standardized business practices, e.g. CVS, Walgreens.
Role of the Pharmacy Technician
- Provide customer service, take information needed to fill a prescription, and answer phone calls.
- Input data into pharmacy information system, including patient and prescriber information.
- Compound prescriptions, perform calculations, and prepare medication for dispensing.
- Package and label prescriptions, count and select medications, and apply labels.
- Organize inventory, alert pharmacists to shortages, and perform pharmacy housekeeping tasks.
Prescription Laws and Regulations
- Prescriptions: Orders for medication issued by licensed practitioners, including physicians, dentists, and nurse practitioners.
- Classifications of medications: Prescription or over-the-counter (OTC), with or without prescription.
- Federal legend: No dispensing without a prescription.
- Combat Methamphetamine Act: Restrictions on OTC medications containing pseudoephedrine.
E-Prescribing
- Computer transfer of prescription data, including messages, refill requests, and prescription fill status.
- Involves multiple participants in the healthcare system.
- Advantages: Reduces errors, enables prescribers to receive drug-specific dosing information, and expedites refills.
Prescription Information
- Necessary information: Patient name, address, DOB, allergies, physical condition, prescription drug card info, and list of medications.
- Patient profile: Includes prescription history, allergic reactions, and medication list.
Prescriber Information
- Prescriber's name, office address, telephone number, DEA number, and license number.
Prescription Processing
- Intake: Verifying patient and prescriber information.
- Data entry: Entering medication, supply, and directions for use.
- Refills: Entering approved number of refills from prescriber.
- Generic substitutions: Dispensing generic medication if authorized.
Prescription Drug Benefits
- Prescription drug benefit: Defines drug coverage provided to the member.
- Prescription drug card: Contains group number, subscriber number, and person code.
Medication
- Entering medication information: Name, strength, quantity, and number of refills.
- Calculating day's supply: Total quantity dispensed divided by total quantity taken per day.
Direction for Use
- Begins with a verb, identifies dosage form, and indicates route of administration.
- No abbreviations, uses everyday language.
Prescription Refills
- Entering approved number of refills from prescriber.
- "PRN" refills: Handling "as needed" refills.
Generic Substitution
- Dispensing generic medication if authorized.
- "Dispense as written" or "brand name medically necessary" in certain states.
Dispense as Written (DAW) Codes
- Numeric codes used when entering prescriptions into the computer.
- Correct use ensures proper reimbursement.
Prescription Adjudication
- Electronic submission of prescription to third-party provider for reimbursement.
- Rejection may occur due to medication not covered, refill requested too soon, or invalid card holder.
Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE)
- Prospective drug use review, comparing medications in profile.
- Evaluates factors such as drug overutilization, therapeutic duplication, and drug-drug interactions.
Scanning the Prescription and Prescription Labeling
- Digital copy of prescription available upon refill.
- Labeling includes name, address, phone number, prescription number, and directions for use.
Auxiliary Labels
- Additional information for patients, such as best time to take medication, potential side effects, and reminder to discard medication.
Patient Product Information
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Ensures patients have information for proper use, including clinical pharmacology, indications, and use.
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Includes contraindications, warnings, and precautions.### Prescription Preparation
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Count dosage in multiples of five to prevent errors.
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Clean the counting tray after each use to prevent contamination.
Packaging the Prescription
- Various types of medication containers are used in community pharmacies:
- Round vials for solid dosages (tablets, capsules, caplets)
- Prescription bottles for liquids
- Dropper bottles for ophthalmic, otic, nasal, or oral liquids
- Applicator bottles for topical medications
- Ointment jars and collapsible tubes for ointments, creams, and gels
- Containers are amber in color to protect medication from sunlight.
- Containers can be made of plastic or glass.
- The Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA) requires safety closures on containers.
Checking the Prescription
- The pharmacist is responsible for checking the final prescription before dispensing.
- Verification includes:
- Patient's name
- Prescription's directions for use
- Prescription number
- Date
- Prescriber's name
Filling Prescriptions
- The pharmacy's information system maintains an electronic record of all filled and refilled prescriptions.
- The pharmacy is required by law to maintain a "hard copy" of the prescription.
- The Controlled Substances Act provides for two methods of filing prescriptions:
- Three separate files for schedule II, III, IV, and V controlled substances, and non-controlled drugs.
- Two separate files for schedule II controlled substances and all other drugs.
Patient Counseling
- OBRA 90 requires an offer to counsel every patient who receives a new prescription.
- The pharmacist is responsible for identifying and resolving problems involved with medication use.
- Only the pharmacist is legally permitted to counsel a patient.
Prescription Payment
- Payment options are typically cash, check, or credit card.
- The pharmacy technician is often responsible for collecting payment.
Prescription Refilling
- Refills can be done electronically or by fax.
- The pharmacy technician may contact the prescriber's office for authorization.
- A refill request should include:
- Patient's name and phone number
- Prescription name, number, and strength
- Physician's name
- Refills are treated as new prescriptions and begin with data entry.
Transferring a Prescription
- Transferring a prescription requires:
- Date and all information for the receiving pharmacy
- Name of the pharmacist and number of refills
- National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) and DEA number of the receiving pharmacy
- This information must be recorded by both the transferring and receiving pharmacies.
Pharmacy Layout
- Typical areas in a pharmacy include:
- Intake window area
- Bench (pharmacy work area)
- Stock area
- Non-sterile or sterile compounding area
- Pharmacy order check-in area
- Reconstitution area
- Pharmacy layout can vary depending on the pharmacy.
Communication
- Effective communication is essential in pharmacy practice.
- Communication involves:
- Verbal and non-verbal communication
- Active listening
- Empathy
- Clarity and concision
Interacting with the Pharmacist
- Communication with the pharmacist should be:
- Clear and concise
- Based on proper terminology
- Empathetic
- Patient-centered
Elderly Patients
- Elderly patients may:
- Experience chronic conditions
- Process information at a slower rate
- Have bodily changes or hearing impairments
- Have difficulty with communication
- Communication strategies for elderly patients include:
- Using simple sentences
- Avoiding medical jargon
- Using written information
Mentally and Terminally Ill Patients
- Mentally ill patients may:
- Not want to speak with the pharmacist
- Have a poor self-image
- Be hesitant to interact with others
- Staff may have difficulty relating to mentally ill patients.
- Terminally ill patients need supportive relationships.
Patients with Health Literacy Issues
- Health literacy is the ability to read, understand, and act on health care information.
- Low health literacy is a major health care issue.
- Pharmacy staff should be aware of patients with health literacy issues and adapt communication strategies accordingly.
Caregivers
- Caregivers play a crucial role in patient care.
- Pharmacy staff should demonstrate empathy and understanding towards caregivers.
- Caregivers may have difficulty discussing certain topics.
- Pharmacy staff should develop trustworthiness by being friendly, ethical, and fair.
Customer Service
- Customer service is essential in pharmacy practice.
- Pharmacy staff should provide information to maximize therapeutic effects of medications.
- The five rights of medication administration are:
- Right patient
- Right medication
- Right time
- Right dose
- Right route of administration
Working with Health Care Teams
- Pharmacy staff should:
- Maintain a professional appearance
- Stay up-to-date with pharmacy knowledge
- Be efficient and accurate
- Help out when needed
Immunizations
- Immunizations can only be administered by pharmacists.
- Pharmacy technicians can help with:
- Documentation
- Billing
- Reporting adverse events
- Obtaining cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and certification
Medication Therapy Management (MTM)
- MTM is a comprehensive service that includes:
- Patient assessment
- Comprehensive medication review
- Formulating a medication treatment plan
- Monitoring efficacy and safety
- Enhancing medication adherence
- Documenting and communicating MTM services
Home Health Care
- Home health care is defined as health care services and health-related products provided to the patient at home.
- Home health care services are offered for various reasons, including:
- The growing need for elderly patients
- Patient preference
- Cost-effectiveness
- Maintenance of independence
- Advancements in technology
Long-Term Care Services
- Some community pharmacies have contracts with long-term care facilities to provide medications.
- Long-term care services include:
- Sub-acute care facilities
- Correctional facilities
- Assisted living facilities
- Board and care homes
- Pharmacy technicians may be responsible for:
- Entering computer data
- Repackaging and labeling medication
- Packaging and labeling prescriptions
- Ordering and stocking medications and supplies
- Processing returned medications
- Maintaining repackaging equipment
- Providing necessary forms to the long-term care facility
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of community pharmacies, the role of pharmacy technicians, state laws and regulations, and assessing prescription orders. It's a part of the community pharmacy practice course.
