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Community Pharmacy Practice Chapter 8
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Community Pharmacy Practice Chapter 8

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Questions and Answers

What are the three types of community pharmacies mentioned in the content?

Sole proprietorship, franchise, chain pharmacy

Which of the following is NOT a role of a pharmacy technician as mentioned in the content?

  • Answering the telephone
  • Compounding prescriptions
  • Performing surgery on patients (correct)
  • Accepting payment for prescriptions
  • Prescriptions classified as 'Federal legend' require a prescription before dispensing.

    True

    Under the Combat Methamphetamine Act, products containing pseudoephedrine must be purchased under __________ supervision.

    <p>pharmacist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following prescription information with their respective categories:

    <p>Patient's complete name and address = Patient information Prescriber's name, office address, telephone number = Prescriber information Allergies, current physical condition, drug card info = Necessary information of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MTM stand for?

    <p>Medical Therapy Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Home health care services are more expensive than hospital treatments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pharmacy technicians in long-term care services are responsible for repackaging and labeling ____.

    <p>medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does OBRA 90 require in relation to patient counseling?

    <p>An offer to counsel must be made to every patient who receives a new prescription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pharmacy technicians are legally permitted to counsel patients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the pharmacy technician in prescription payment?

    <p>Collecting the patient's payment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components are included in the superscription of a prescription?

    <p>Rx symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharmacy personnel can administer immunizations?

    <p>pharmacists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Signatura' refer to in the context of a prescription?

    <p>Directions to the patient on how to take the prescribed medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Day’s supply = total quantity dispensed / total quantity taken per ____

    <p>day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a prescriber authorizes a generic drug to be dispensed, the pharmacy technician will dispense the brand name instead.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Community Pharmacy Practice

    • Types of community pharmacies:
      • Sole proprietorship: Independent pharmacy, services provided depend on pharmacist, location, and patient population.
      • Franchise: Authorization to operate under a well-known trade name, e.g. Medicine Shoppe, Good Neighbor Pharmacy.
      • Chain pharmacy: Corporate-owned, standardized business practices, e.g. CVS, Walgreens.

    Role of the Pharmacy Technician

    • Provide customer service, take information needed to fill a prescription, and answer phone calls.
    • Input data into pharmacy information system, including patient and prescriber information.
    • Compound prescriptions, perform calculations, and prepare medication for dispensing.
    • Package and label prescriptions, count and select medications, and apply labels.
    • Organize inventory, alert pharmacists to shortages, and perform pharmacy housekeeping tasks.

    Prescription Laws and Regulations

    • Prescriptions: Orders for medication issued by licensed practitioners, including physicians, dentists, and nurse practitioners.
    • Classifications of medications: Prescription or over-the-counter (OTC), with or without prescription.
    • Federal legend: No dispensing without a prescription.
    • Combat Methamphetamine Act: Restrictions on OTC medications containing pseudoephedrine.

    E-Prescribing

    • Computer transfer of prescription data, including messages, refill requests, and prescription fill status.
    • Involves multiple participants in the healthcare system.
    • Advantages: Reduces errors, enables prescribers to receive drug-specific dosing information, and expedites refills.

    Prescription Information

    • Necessary information: Patient name, address, DOB, allergies, physical condition, prescription drug card info, and list of medications.
    • Patient profile: Includes prescription history, allergic reactions, and medication list.

    Prescriber Information

    • Prescriber's name, office address, telephone number, DEA number, and license number.

    Prescription Processing

    • Intake: Verifying patient and prescriber information.
    • Data entry: Entering medication, supply, and directions for use.
    • Refills: Entering approved number of refills from prescriber.
    • Generic substitutions: Dispensing generic medication if authorized.

    Prescription Drug Benefits

    • Prescription drug benefit: Defines drug coverage provided to the member.
    • Prescription drug card: Contains group number, subscriber number, and person code.

    Medication

    • Entering medication information: Name, strength, quantity, and number of refills.
    • Calculating day's supply: Total quantity dispensed divided by total quantity taken per day.

    Direction for Use

    • Begins with a verb, identifies dosage form, and indicates route of administration.
    • No abbreviations, uses everyday language.

    Prescription Refills

    • Entering approved number of refills from prescriber.
    • "PRN" refills: Handling "as needed" refills.

    Generic Substitution

    • Dispensing generic medication if authorized.
    • "Dispense as written" or "brand name medically necessary" in certain states.

    Dispense as Written (DAW) Codes

    • Numeric codes used when entering prescriptions into the computer.
    • Correct use ensures proper reimbursement.

    Prescription Adjudication

    • Electronic submission of prescription to third-party provider for reimbursement.
    • Rejection may occur due to medication not covered, refill requested too soon, or invalid card holder.

    Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE)

    • Prospective drug use review, comparing medications in profile.
    • Evaluates factors such as drug overutilization, therapeutic duplication, and drug-drug interactions.

    Scanning the Prescription and Prescription Labeling

    • Digital copy of prescription available upon refill.
    • Labeling includes name, address, phone number, prescription number, and directions for use.

    Auxiliary Labels

    • Additional information for patients, such as best time to take medication, potential side effects, and reminder to discard medication.

    Patient Product Information

    • Ensures patients have information for proper use, including clinical pharmacology, indications, and use.

    • Includes contraindications, warnings, and precautions.### Prescription Preparation

    • Count dosage in multiples of five to prevent errors.

    • Clean the counting tray after each use to prevent contamination.

    Packaging the Prescription

    • Various types of medication containers are used in community pharmacies:
      • Round vials for solid dosages (tablets, capsules, caplets)
      • Prescription bottles for liquids
      • Dropper bottles for ophthalmic, otic, nasal, or oral liquids
      • Applicator bottles for topical medications
      • Ointment jars and collapsible tubes for ointments, creams, and gels
    • Containers are amber in color to protect medication from sunlight.
    • Containers can be made of plastic or glass.
    • The Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA) requires safety closures on containers.

    Checking the Prescription

    • The pharmacist is responsible for checking the final prescription before dispensing.
    • Verification includes:
      • Patient's name
      • Prescription's directions for use
      • Prescription number
      • Date
      • Prescriber's name

    Filling Prescriptions

    • The pharmacy's information system maintains an electronic record of all filled and refilled prescriptions.
    • The pharmacy is required by law to maintain a "hard copy" of the prescription.
    • The Controlled Substances Act provides for two methods of filing prescriptions:
      • Three separate files for schedule II, III, IV, and V controlled substances, and non-controlled drugs.
      • Two separate files for schedule II controlled substances and all other drugs.

    Patient Counseling

    • OBRA 90 requires an offer to counsel every patient who receives a new prescription.
    • The pharmacist is responsible for identifying and resolving problems involved with medication use.
    • Only the pharmacist is legally permitted to counsel a patient.

    Prescription Payment

    • Payment options are typically cash, check, or credit card.
    • The pharmacy technician is often responsible for collecting payment.

    Prescription Refilling

    • Refills can be done electronically or by fax.
    • The pharmacy technician may contact the prescriber's office for authorization.
    • A refill request should include:
      • Patient's name and phone number
      • Prescription name, number, and strength
      • Physician's name
    • Refills are treated as new prescriptions and begin with data entry.

    Transferring a Prescription

    • Transferring a prescription requires:
      • Date and all information for the receiving pharmacy
      • Name of the pharmacist and number of refills
      • National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) and DEA number of the receiving pharmacy
    • This information must be recorded by both the transferring and receiving pharmacies.

    Pharmacy Layout

    • Typical areas in a pharmacy include:
      • Intake window area
      • Bench (pharmacy work area)
      • Stock area
      • Non-sterile or sterile compounding area
      • Pharmacy order check-in area
      • Reconstitution area
      • Pharmacy layout can vary depending on the pharmacy.

    Communication

    • Effective communication is essential in pharmacy practice.
    • Communication involves:
      • Verbal and non-verbal communication
      • Active listening
      • Empathy
      • Clarity and concision

    Interacting with the Pharmacist

    • Communication with the pharmacist should be:
      • Clear and concise
      • Based on proper terminology
      • Empathetic
      • Patient-centered

    Elderly Patients

    • Elderly patients may:
      • Experience chronic conditions
      • Process information at a slower rate
      • Have bodily changes or hearing impairments
      • Have difficulty with communication
    • Communication strategies for elderly patients include:
      • Using simple sentences
      • Avoiding medical jargon
      • Using written information

    Mentally and Terminally Ill Patients

    • Mentally ill patients may:
      • Not want to speak with the pharmacist
      • Have a poor self-image
      • Be hesitant to interact with others
    • Staff may have difficulty relating to mentally ill patients.
    • Terminally ill patients need supportive relationships.

    Patients with Health Literacy Issues

    • Health literacy is the ability to read, understand, and act on health care information.
    • Low health literacy is a major health care issue.
    • Pharmacy staff should be aware of patients with health literacy issues and adapt communication strategies accordingly.

    Caregivers

    • Caregivers play a crucial role in patient care.
    • Pharmacy staff should demonstrate empathy and understanding towards caregivers.
    • Caregivers may have difficulty discussing certain topics.
    • Pharmacy staff should develop trustworthiness by being friendly, ethical, and fair.

    Customer Service

    • Customer service is essential in pharmacy practice.
    • Pharmacy staff should provide information to maximize therapeutic effects of medications.
    • The five rights of medication administration are:
      • Right patient
      • Right medication
      • Right time
      • Right dose
      • Right route of administration

    Working with Health Care Teams

    • Pharmacy staff should:
      • Maintain a professional appearance
      • Stay up-to-date with pharmacy knowledge
      • Be efficient and accurate
      • Help out when needed

    Immunizations

    • Immunizations can only be administered by pharmacists.
    • Pharmacy technicians can help with:
      • Documentation
      • Billing
      • Reporting adverse events
      • Obtaining cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and certification

    Medication Therapy Management (MTM)

    • MTM is a comprehensive service that includes:
      • Patient assessment
      • Comprehensive medication review
      • Formulating a medication treatment plan
      • Monitoring efficacy and safety
      • Enhancing medication adherence
      • Documenting and communicating MTM services

    Home Health Care

    • Home health care is defined as health care services and health-related products provided to the patient at home.
    • Home health care services are offered for various reasons, including:
      • The growing need for elderly patients
      • Patient preference
      • Cost-effectiveness
      • Maintenance of independence
      • Advancements in technology

    Long-Term Care Services

    • Some community pharmacies have contracts with long-term care facilities to provide medications.
    • Long-term care services include:
      • Sub-acute care facilities
      • Correctional facilities
      • Assisted living facilities
      • Board and care homes
    • Pharmacy technicians may be responsible for:
      • Entering computer data
      • Repackaging and labeling medication
      • Packaging and labeling prescriptions
      • Ordering and stocking medications and supplies
      • Processing returned medications
      • Maintaining repackaging equipment
      • Providing necessary forms to the long-term care facility

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    Description

    This quiz covers the different types of community pharmacies, the role of pharmacy technicians, state laws and regulations, and assessing prescription orders. It's a part of the community pharmacy practice course.

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