Music Study Guide PDF

Study Guide Definitions: ​ Dynamics - the measurement of volume in music ​ Timber - the unique quality of a sound ​ Vocal range - Soprano, Mezzo soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone, Bass ​ Tempo - the speed of the steady pulse or beat ○​ Types - Largo, Andante, Allegro, Vivace...

Study Guide Definitions: ​ Dynamics - the measurement of volume in music ​ Timber - the unique quality of a sound ​ Vocal range - Soprano, Mezzo soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone, Bass ​ Tempo - the speed of the steady pulse or beat ○​ Types - Largo, Andante, Allegro, Vivace ○​ Listening examples - tempo ​ Dvorak Symphony No. 9 2nd mvmt - Largo ​ ABBA Andante Andante - Andante ​ Mozart Piano Sonata - Allegro ​ Tiger Rag - Vivace ​ Meter - the accent pattern of the tempo ​ Syncopation - an accent in an unexpected place ​ Phrase - a line of music that has a sense of completeness, like a sentence or clause ​ Cadence - the punctuation of musical phrases ​ Theme and motif - theme is a main melody. Motif is a melodic idea ​ Chords - at least three notes that are played together ​ Consonance - Stable harmony ​ Dissonance - Unstable harmony ​ Scales - a set of 7 pitches that starts on a note and ends on the note just below the next octave note ​ Monophony - Only one melodic sound being heard ​ Homophony - A prominent musical line or melody supported by other pitches like harmonies. ​ Polyphony - multiple independent melodies being played or sung at the same time. ○​ Listening examples - textures ​ Monophony - https://youtu.be/iEBX_ouEw1I?si=mhBxO_eelk2KvyH- ​ Homophony - https://youtu.be/VqhCQZaH4Vs?si=rgj0PsO29MVAKqr6 ​ Polyphony - Canon Instruments: ​ Brass family ​ Woodwind family ​ Strings ​ Keyboard ​ Percussion ○​ Listening examples - instruments ​ Trumpet - Wynton Marsalis Hummel Concerto 3rd mvmt  ​ Tuba - Tuba bass line ​ Oboe - Gabriel’s Oboe ​ Sax - https://youtu.be/LRoBmXcHgb0?si=_e-5wyQztUVrrDys ​ Violin - La Campanella ​ Cello - https://youtu.be/1prweT95Mo0?si=6fVEUcEklpLfU8oO ​ Celesta - Nutcracker Sugar Plum Fairy Orchestra setting: Study Guide Test 1 Medieval Time Students should be able to answer/give definitions/describe to the following: ​ Music characteristics ○​ Main texture of music ○​ Genres - vocal or instrumental? ○​ Rhythm ○​ Texts - secular or sacred? ○​ Compositional technique Renaissance Time Students should be able to answer/give definitions/describe to the following: ​ Music characteristics ○​ Texture ○​ Rhythm ○​ Genre ○​ Texts ​ What was the main compositional technique? Baroque Time Students should be able to answer/give definitions/describe to the following: ​ Music characteristics ○​ Texture ○​ Basso Continuo - definition ○​ Rhythm ○​ Genre ​ Vocal - opera ​ Instrumental - beginning of orchestra. Sonata, concerto grosso, concerto ○​ Composer - Johann Sebastien Bach Listenings: Medieval Time ​ https://youtu.be/c38tWxPeCNM?feature=shared ​ https://youtu.be/VbjqWqPSfiw?feature=shared ​ https://youtu.be/OSnqQsaJYNY?feature=shared Renaissance Time ​ https://youtu.be/GUH11wqPRfU?feature=shared ​ https://youtu.be/H3v9unphfi0?feature=shared ​ https://youtu.be/yvjuv4IIKcU?feature=shared Baroque Time ​ https://youtu.be/pdsyNwUoON0?feature=shared ​ https://youtu.be/20ikD9kpImU?feature=shared Music Theory: Students should be able to identify notes on the staff and note values. ​ https://www.musictheory.net/lessons/10 ​ https://www.musictheory.net/lessons/11 ​ Fundamental of music ○​ Harmony - multiple notes or voices play simultaneously ​ Chords - 3 or more notes ​ Dissonant harmony adds notes that do not sound pleasant when played together. The result adds tension and makes the chord sound unstable. This tension releases by resolving to consonant chords. Dissonant interval examples are seconds, sevenths, and ninths. ​ Consonant harmony sounds stable and pleasing. All the notes in a consonant chord have intervals that play nicely together. Constant chords also transition smoothly with one another in a progression. Consonant interval examples are unison, thirds, fifths, and octaves. ○​ Melody - a succession of notes or voices arranged into a musical phrase. A song’s melody is often the most memorable and recognizable part. ○​ Rhythm - a recurring movement of notes and rests (silences) in time. It’s the human perception of time. ​ the rhythm section or pulse propels a piece of music. It acts as the rhythmic backbone for other musical elements. ​ Students should be able to construct major scales and major pentatonic scales. ​ https://blog.landr.com/music-scales/ ​ https://www.musictheory.net/lessons/21 ​ Practice Exercises Differences among 3 eras - Baroque, Classical, and Romantic eras Baroque: ​ focused on more liveliness in its subject matter ​ stark realism  ​ “Furthermore, Baroque paintings were characterized by the use of vibrant colors applied with swirling and wide brushstrokes, which indicated movement and emotional intensity.” ​ Dramatic illumination Classical Era: ​ Noble Simplicity ​ “One of the primary characteristics of Neoclassical art was its return to ideals of “simplicity”, “symmetry”, “proportion”, and “harmony”. This simplicity of form and shape was seen in Neoclassical painting and sculpture.” ​ Focused on forms Romantic Era: ​ valued imagination, inspiration, and originality. ​ Personal connections to nature ​ nationalism throughout Europe ​ emphasis on landscapes, traditions, and folklore ​ explore different psychological, emotional, and mood states ​ “Some Romantic artists painted scenes that emphasized humans as being one with nature. Other artists preferred to portray the powerful and unpredictable forces of nature in paintings that evoke feelings of awe and sometimes terror. Romantic artists harbored a deep appreciation for the beauty of the natural world.” ​ Romantic composers were searching for a way to develop their voice through their music, one which was recognizable to audiences - Start of a social movement ​ had more personal, creative freedom because they no longer worked under the noble patronage system that defined the Baroque and Classical Eras. ​ Ultimately, Romantic composers would evolve and expand the formalist Classical structure into a more complex, rich musical language ​ Piano music ○​ 88 keys - evolved in the late 19th century ○​ More dynamic variety ○​ Composers: Chopin, Schumann, Brahms ​ Program Music ○​ Tells a story - could be anything ​ Life ​ Imaginatory story ​ mythology ○​ program music didn't have to tell a narrative story, but could be used to evoke the spirit of a time or place. ○​ Tone Poem - descriptive orchestral music ○​ Composers: Liszt, Saint-Saens, Wagner ​ Art song (Lieder) ○​ A solo voice accompanied by the piano  ○​ Composers: Schubert, Schumann ​ Nationalism ○​ Defines the ideals and cultural identity of the composers’ homeland nation ○​ Composers: Dvorak, Smetana, Sibelius Listening: ​ Chopin - Nocturne in Eb major (Piano) ​ Liszt - Liebestraum (Piano) ​ Saint-Saens - Dance Macabre (Tone Poem) ​ Schubert - Erlkonig (Art song) ​ Smetana - Moldau (Nationalism) ​ Dvorak - New World symphony (Nationalism)