Study Guide for Exam 4 PH 101 PDF

Study Guide for Exam \#4 PH 101 1 Be able to identify all the sectors in public health and what causes this practice to view populations as complex 2 Be able to identify the three core functions of public health practice 3 Know the purpose of logical models and its relationships among components...

Study Guide for Exam \#4 PH 101 1 Be able to identify all the sectors in public health and what causes this practice to view populations as complex 2 Be able to identify the three core functions of public health practice 3 Know the purpose of logical models and its relationships among components of an issue, etc. 4 Understand the aspects of the Beveridge healthcare system model 5 Understand the healthcare system model in the United States 6 Be able to define implementation science 7 Understand the effective management of logistics 8 Understand the concepts of Health in All Policies (HiAP) 9 Understand the components of the logic model 10 Be able to identify the entities of health care models and which type of healthcare covers the majority of Americans 11 What is effective implementation 12 How long does it take for evidence-based practice to be incorporated into routine general practice in health care and public health 13 Be able to identify the laws that causes safer workplaces as well as how it influences public health 14 Understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative data 15 Be able to identify the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20^th^ century 16 Be able to define reverse causation 17 Be able to understand why politics as it relates to macrosocial determinant of health 18 Be able to identify the power that the federal government has over entities of health 19 Understand the benefits of the laws related to firearms 20 Understand the benefits of the CDC as it relates to 21^st^ century public health achievements 21 Know the difference between an epidemic and an endemic 22 Be able to describe the purpose of active surveillance 23 Be able to identify the facts of true surveillance of health conditions 24 Select the answer that is not a function of public health assessment, and its importance 25 Be able to identify the three core functions of public health practice 26 What public health system is engaged in monitoring of health indicators and setting global health policies and procedures 27 Be able to identify the five causes of death in the US in the year 2021 28 Be able to identify what is considered surveillance data **1. Sectors in Public Health** - Sectors include epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, social/behavioral sciences, health services, and global health. - Populations are viewed as complex due to social determinants, cultural diversity, and systemic inequalities. **2. Three Core Functions of Public Health Practice** - **Assessment**: Monitoring and diagnosing health problems. - **Policy Development**: Creating policies to address health issues. - **Assurance**: Ensuring services are provided effectively. **3. Logical Models** - Purpose: Visualize relationships between inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts of a program. - Helps identify gaps and set priorities. **4. Beveridge Healthcare Model** - Government-funded through taxes, with healthcare provided as a public service (e.g., UK NHS). **5. U.S. Healthcare Model** - Mixed system: Public (Medicare/Medicaid) and private insurers. - Majority of Americans are covered through employer-based insurance. **6. Implementation Science** - Study of methods to promote systematic uptake of research findings into practice to improve health outcomes. **7. Effective Management of Logistics** - Involves planning, implementation, and control of services to ensure the delivery of health resources. **8. Health in All Policies (HiAP)** - An approach that integrates health considerations into policymaking across sectors to improve health outcomes. **9. Components of a Logic Model** - **Inputs** (resources), **Activities** (actions), **Outputs** (deliverables), **Outcomes** (short- and long-term results). **10. Healthcare Models and Coverage in the U.S.** - Models: Beveridge, Bismarck, National Health Insurance, and out-of-pocket. - Employer-based insurance covers most Americans. **11. Effective Implementation** - Translating evidence-based interventions into practical applications effectively and sustainably. **12. Time to Incorporate Evidence-Based Practices** - Often takes **17 years** for research evidence to integrate into routine practice. **13. Laws for Safer Workplaces** - Example: **Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)**. - Reduces injuries and fatalities, improving public health. **14. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data** - **Qualitative**: Descriptive data (opinions, interviews). - **Quantitative**: Numerical data (statistics, surveys). **15. 10 Greatest Public Health Achievements of the 20th Century** - Examples: Vaccination, motor vehicle safety, workplace safety, control of infectious diseases, and tobacco control. **16. Reverse Causation** - When an outcome (e.g., poor health) is mistaken as the cause of what is actually the true cause (e.g., low income). **17. Politics and Macrosocial Determinants of Health** - Political decisions shape social determinants like healthcare access, housing, and education. **18. Federal Government Powers in Health** - Example: **CDC**, funding for Medicaid/Medicare, regulation of public health policies. **19. Laws Related to Firearms** - Background checks, safe storage laws, and restrictions reduce firearm-related injuries and deaths. **20. CDC and 21st Century Public Health Achievements** - Contributions to disease prevention, emergency preparedness, and health promotion. **21. Epidemic vs. Endemic** - **Epidemic**: Sudden increase in cases (e.g., COVID-19). - **Endemic**: Regularly found disease in a population (e.g., malaria in certain regions). **22. Active Surveillance** - Proactively seeking data (e.g., case investigations) to detect outbreaks. **23. True Surveillance of Health Conditions** - Systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of health data for decision-making. **24. Non-function of Public Health Assessment** - Example of exclusion: Not providing direct clinical care. **25. Three Core Functions of Public Health Practice** - Repeated: Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance. **26. Global Health System Engagement** - Example: **World Health Organization (WHO)** monitors health indicators and sets global policies. **27. Top 5 Causes of Death in the U.S. (2021)** - Heart disease, cancer, COVID-19, unintentional injuries, and stroke. **28. Surveillance Data** - Includes disease rates, healthcare access, vaccination records, etc.