BIO 181 Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2024 PDF

Final Study Guide – BIO 181 ***Note this is meant to GUIDE your studies, anything stressed in class is fair game*** Meiosis 1. Understand meiosis 2. Define recombinant and non-recombinant DNA a. Does sexual or asexual reproduction determine this? 3. Know what causes the fo...

Final Study Guide – BIO 181 ***Note this is meant to GUIDE your studies, anything stressed in class is fair game*** Meiosis 1. Understand meiosis 2. Define recombinant and non-recombinant DNA a. Does sexual or asexual reproduction determine this? 3. Know what causes the following a. Down’s Syndrome b. Klinefelter’s Syndrome c. Turner’s Genetics 1. Understand a simple Punnett square 2. Dominance versus recessive trait 3. Genotype and Phenotype 4. What did Mendel experiment on? Modern Understanding of Inheritance: 1. Male versus female chromosomes 2. What do genes code for? Microbial Diversity: 1. Eukaryotes a. Understand osmosis and diffusion b. Examples of microbial eukaryotes discussed in class i. Which one is the simplest? c. Components of fungi cell wall i. How they acquire nutrients 2. Virus a. Components of viruses 3. Prokaryotes a. Term for how DNA is transferred b. Components of bacteria (pillus etc) c. Gram negative versus positive bacteria DNA Structure and Function: 1. DNA versus RNA (number of strands; nucleotides involved) 2. Structure and Function of DNA a. Nucleotides i. Purines and Pyrimidines ii. What ALWAYS binds with what 3. Studying DNA techniques (PCR etc)  Final Study Guide – BIO 181 ***Note this is meant to GUIDE your studies, anything stressed in class is fair game*** Adaptations 1. Understand natural selection and who discovered it 2. Know three types of genetic drift 3. Define: a. Vestigial structure b. Sympatric speciation c. Allopatric speciation