STS-PRELIM-REVIEWER.pdf

Republic of the Philippines University of Cabuyao (Pamantasan ng Cabuyao) Academics Division...

Republic of the Philippines University of Cabuyao (Pamantasan ng Cabuyao) Academics Division Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna, Phillippines 4025 PRELIM REVIEWER: CONCEPT OF SCIENCE Science-Systematized body of knowledge derived a unique way of thinking and methodical observation of natural phenomena, formulation of a hypothesis, conducting one or more experiments to test the hypothesis, and drawing a conclusion that confirms or modifies the hypothesis. Science-Latin Word”scientia which means knowledge. "Nullius in verba," as a science maxim, means doubt everyone or everything. Basic science- Scientific research that produces knowledge without any immediate practical use. Applied science-Scientific research that produces knowledge with immediate practical use. Scientific method -Observation -Question -hypothesis -experiment -data -conclusion Research-During this step of the scientific method, a scientist would gather background information. Dependent Variable-The variable that you measure in an investigation. Independent Variable- The variable that is changed or adjusted by the researcher Controlled variable- To make the investigation valid ANTECEDENTS Modern Ages- Generally refers to the period in history following the Middle Ages and extending to the present day. Heavy Plough- The heavy plough had a large, heavy frame and a strong, metal-tipped share (the cutting blade) that could cut through tough soil. Paper of Papyrus - Ancient writing material used primarily in Egypt and other parts of the Mediterranean region. Cuneiform-the oldest form of writing system which utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols that are carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry Shadoof-An ancient irrigation tool used to lift water from a well or a river to irrigate fields.  Republic of the Philippines University of Cabuyao (Pamantasan ng Cabuyao) Academics Division Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna, Phillippines 4025 Aeolipile-Known as the hero’s engine is an ancient steam-powered device. Gunpowder-developed by ancient alchemists who aimed to achieve immortality but were later found to have different applications. Wheel - ancient invention which was originally intended for farm work and food processes but later on developed into a new technological innovation Jacquard loom- type of weaving loom that uses a series of punched cards to control the pattern being woven. Microscope- specifically modern invention that paved the way for the Germ Theory of Disease. Telescope- optical invention that opens up a whole new world above and a new perspective on the place of Earth in the celestial spheres. E-jeepney- eco friendly vehicle Joseph Estrada- I LOVE YOU VIRUS Corazon Aquino-STS was established Fidel V. Ramos - New industrialized country Dr Fe Del mundo - Incubator Wright Brothers- Airplane INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION -Transformation in thoughts PTOLEMY-Geocentric theory of the universe. Copernicus- Copernicus Theory”HELIOCENTRIC” Aristarchus-The sun at the center of the known universe and assumed that the earth rotated once a day around the sun and once a year around its axis. Galileo Galilei- proven the heliocentric theory using his discovery of the moons of Jupiter but, by doing so, was later put in prison by the Catholic Inquisition. Charles Darwin- “Theory of Evolution” explain Life forms on earth evolve through a process of natural selection. Natural selection-A process where the environment selects the fittest organisms to survive and reproduce. Freud's Psychoanalytic theory 3 Mental States Conscious-part where thoughts and perceptions are located (aware) Pre-Concious- quickly to remember Unconscious-where in the deepest level of the mental iceberg are all tendencies in prison. (not Aware)  Republic of the Philippines University of Cabuyao (Pamantasan ng Cabuyao) Academics Division Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna, Phillippines 4025 3 Personalities Id- Little Devil - Meeting the basic needs Ego-personality type deals with reality and tries to meet the desires of the id in a way that is socially acceptable in the world Superego-moral principle in the Freudian personality structure. Defense Mechanism- natural reaction in stressful situation Freud’s Psychosexual Stages 1. Oral (0-18 months) - Pleasure centers on the mouth-sucking, chewing, biting 2. Anal(18-36 months)- Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control 3. Phallic (3-6 years)-Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings 4. Latency (6 to puberty)-Dormant sexual feeling 5. Genital (puberty on)- Maturation of sexual interest