Concept of Science Prelim Reviewer

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Aeolipile, also known as the hero's engine?

To control weaving patterns

To develop gunpowder

To provide steam power (correct)

To create electric vehicles

Which invention is credited with significantly contributing to the Germ Theory of Disease?

E-jeepney

Jacquard loom

Microscope (correct)

Telescope

What fundamental idea does Charles Darwin's 'Theory of Evolution' illustrate?

Life forms evolve through natural selection (correct)

Humans are static and unchanging

All species were created simultaneously

The earth is at the center of the universe

Which invention is associated with the transformation of weaving processes?

Jacquard loom Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of the Catholic Inquisition to Galileo Galilei's support for the heliocentric theory?

He faced imprisonment Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist proposed the Geocentric theory of the universe?

Ptolemy Signup and view all the answers

What does Freud's concept of the 'Unconscious' refer to?

Thoughts and tendencies not in our awareness Signup and view all the answers

The e-jeepney is primarily recognized for what characteristic?

Being eco-friendly Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'nullius in verba' signify in the context of science?

Doubt everyone or everything. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes applied science as opposed to basic science?

It produces knowledge with immediate practical use. Signup and view all the answers

In the scientific method, which step involves formulating a testable statement?

Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a dependent variable in an investigation?

The variable that is measured in response to changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the heavy plough in modern agriculture?

It can cut through tough soil effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What was papyrus primarily used for in ancient civilizations?

Writing material. Signup and view all the answers

How does a shadoof function in agriculture?

By lifting water for irrigation purposes. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about cuneiform?

It is the oldest form of written communication. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Concept of Science

Science is a systematized body of knowledge that involves critical thinking, observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion drawing.
Derived from the Latin word "scientia," meaning knowledge.
The maxim "Nullius in verba" suggests skepticism toward all claims.
Basic Science: Research producing knowledge without immediate practical use.
Applied Science: Research yielding knowledge with immediate practical applications.
Scientific Method Steps: Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Collection, Conclusion.
Research involves collecting background information relevant to the hypothesis.
Dependent Variable: Measured in the investigation.
Independent Variable: Altered by the researcher.
Controlled Variables: Factors kept constant to ensure valid investigation results.

Antecedents in Historical Context

Modern Ages: Time period post-Middle Ages, extending to the contemporary era.
Heavy Plough: An agricultural tool designed to cultivate tough soil efficiently.
Papyrus: An early writing medium used in ancient Egypt and Mediterranean regions.
Cuneiform: The oldest writing system using wedge-shaped symbols carved on clay.
Shadoof: An ancient device for lifting water for irrigation.
Aeolipile: An early steam-powered device known as Hero’s engine.
Gunpowder: Invented by alchemists, initially aimed for immortality but adapted for other uses.
Wheel: Originally for agricultural tasks, it became a foundational invention for technology.
Jacquard Loom: Weaving technology that employs punched cards to dictate patterns.
Microscope: Revolutionized understanding of disease through germ theory.
Telescope: Expanded astronomical perspective and the understanding of Earth's place in the universe.
E-jeepney: Environmentally friendly transportation solution.

Influential Figures

Joseph Estrada: Notable for his association with the "I LOVE YOU VIRUS."
Corazon Aquino: Key in establishing the Science and Technology Standard (STS).
Fidel V. Ramos: Pivotal in transitioning the Philippines to a new industrialized nation.
Dr. Fe del Mundo: Innovated the incubator for neonatal care.
Wright Brothers: Pioneers of airplane technology.

Intellectual Revolution

Marked a significant transformation in societal thought processes.
Ptolemy: Advocated for the Geocentric theory of the universe.
Copernicus: Introduced the Heliocentric theory, placing the sun at the universe’s center.
Aristarchus: Suggested that the Earth rotates around the sun and spins on its axis.
Galileo Galilei: Supported the heliocentric theory through celestial observations, faced imprisonment by the Catholic Inquisition.
Charles Darwin: Formulated the Theory of Evolution, detailing life form adaptation via natural selection.
Natural Selection: The environmental process determining organism survival based on fitness.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory: Introduced three mental states:
- Conscious: Aware thoughts and perceptions.
- Pre-Conscious: Easily recalled memories.
- Unconscious: Deeply rooted tendencies not readily accessible to awareness.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the foundational concepts of science, emphasizing the systematic observation and unique thinking that contribute to scientific knowledge. Ideal for students preparing for preliminary evaluations in the subject. Test your understanding and readiness in various scientific topics.