Science, Technology and Society - STS Module 2 PDF

Science, technology and SOCIETY JEREMY YERRO PANEDA, LPT, MED INSTRUCTOR Overview GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY ◦ Module 1: Intellectual Revolutions that defined Society ◦ Module 2: Science, Technology, and Nation-building ◦ Module 3: Science Education in...

Science, technology and SOCIETY JEREMY YERRO PANEDA, LPT, MED INSTRUCTOR Overview GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY ◦ Module 1: Intellectual Revolutions that defined Society ◦ Module 2: Science, Technology, and Nation-building ◦ Module 3: Science Education in the Philippines ◦ Module 4:Indigenous science and technology in the Philippines Intended learning outcomes At the end of this module, students should be able to: ◦ Discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine nation-building. ◦ Evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of their contributions to nation-building. ◦ Identify actual science and technology policies of the government and appraise their impact on the development of the Filipino nation. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES  Pre – colonial period Use scientific knowledge to produce food, care for the animals that help them with their everyday activities, and plant the crops that will feed them. Science can be shown in how people divide the days into months and years and how they analyze the motions of celestial bodies to forecast seasons and climates. Like other ancient societies, they used science to prepare the soil for agriculture, and they also learned how to use plants as medicines.  Pre – colonial period People use technology to construct homes, irrigation systems, and create things they can use on a daily basis. They created equipment for farming, gathering food, cooking, and fishing. They also created weapons to use against their adversaries in battle or during intertribal disputes. Additionally, they invented technologies for making musical instruments. SPANISH ◦ Religion, reading, writing, and arithmetic were formed by scientific institution schools that introduced formal educations. ◦ Universities and colleges were founded by the Spanish. ◦ The pharmacy and medical schools opened to UST in 1871. ◦ Science was drawn to farming and food processing. ◦ Manila Observatory (founded by Jesuits) to promote meteorogical studies ◦ According to accounts by Spanish friars in the 1580s, astronomy was already understood and used. The reports also list the constellations' regional names, such, for example, Balatik for Ursa Major and Moroporo for the Pleiades. COLONIAL PERIOD AMERICAN ◦ The formation of national identity and Filipino nationalism is a result of history lessons in both English and American. ◦ UP was established during American colonization ◦ Science during the American period was inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy. COLONIAL PERIOD  The development of science and technology in the Philippines, based on its brief history, is shaped by several factors and influences. Like in the history of science in other countries, it is always shaped by human and social activities, both internal and external. External Influences Internal Influences Development of 1. Foreign Colonizers 1. Survival Science and 2. Trades With Foreign 2. Culture Countries Technology in the 3. International Economic 3. Economic Activities Philippines Demands Influences in the Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines GOVERNMENT POLICIES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The objective is to empower citizens to live in a society driven by science and to equip the entire nation to fulfil the needs of a technologically advanced world. The NCRP (National Research Council of the Philippines) is anticipated to recommend policies and initiatives as a consequence of the consultation that will increase the competitiveness of the Philippines in the ASEAN region.  The NCRP clustered these policies into four, namely: 1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance ◦ Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum ◦ Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue ◦ Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband ◦ Local food security  The NCRP clustered these policies into four, namely: 2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics ◦Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities ◦Outright grants for peer monitoring ◦Review of R.A. 9184 (Standardization) ◦Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development  The NCRP clustered these policies into four, namely: 3. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◦ Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized standards by full implementation of the Food and Drug Administration ◦ Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care ◦ Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence based research as pool of information ◦ Allocating two percent of the DP to research ◦ Legislating a law supporting human genome projects  The NCRP clustered these policies into four, namely: 4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry ◦ Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws ◦ Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries ◦ Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people's conservation ◦ Formulation of common food and safety standards  The Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering (PAASE, 2008) identified several capacity-building programs such as: Establishment of national centers of excellence Manpower and institutional development programs, such as the Engineering and Science Education Program (ESEP) to produce more PhD graduates in science and engineering Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries that will lead the country in different research and development areas Establishment of science and technology business centers to assist, advise, and incubate technopreneurship ventures Strengthen science education at. an early stage through the Philippine Science High School system  other existing programs supported by the Philippine government through the DOST. Some of these projects are the ff. Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and technology. Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in the field of science and technology. Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System for training young Filipinos in the field of science and technology. Creating science and technology parks to encourage academe and industry partnerships. Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino scientists abroad to come home and work in the Philippines or conduct research and projects in collaboration with Philippine-based scientists. Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage academe and industry partnerships. The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering Complex within the University of the Philippines campus in Diliman.  There are many other areas and fields that the country is looking forward to embark various research and projects. The following are some of them: Use of alternative and safe energy Harnessing mineral resources Finding cure for various diseases and illness Climate change and global warming Increasing food production Preservation of natural resources Coping with natural disasters and calamities Infrastructure development THANK YOU!