Structural Organisation In Animals Class 11th Chapter 7 PDF
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Handwritten notes on animal tissues, covering various types such as connective, nervous, muscular, and epithelial tissues. Detailed descriptions and diagrams for each tissue type are included, focusing on their structure, function, specialization and specific examples. Ideal study material for secondary school biology.
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# Hand Written Short Notes ## Structural Organisation in Animals ### Ch. Animal Tissue - Bichat-Coined the term - Epithelial - Ectodermal, Mesothelium, Endothelium - Connective-Mesodermal - Muscular-Mesodermal - Nervous-Ectodermal ### Connective Tissue #### Fibres: | Protein | Collagen | Elastin...
# Hand Written Short Notes ## Structural Organisation in Animals ### Ch. Animal Tissue - Bichat-Coined the term - Epithelial - Ectodermal, Mesothelium, Endothelium - Connective-Mesodermal - Muscular-Mesodermal - Nervous-Ectodermal ### Connective Tissue #### Fibres: | Protein | Collagen | Elastin | Diagram | Location | |---|---|---|---|---| | Nature | Inelastic | Elastic | | | | Color | White | Yellow | | | | Branching | X | X | | | | Striation | X | X | | | | Strength | Powerful | Delicate | | | #### Ground Substance/Matrix - Hyaluronic acid + Glycoprotein - Cells and fibres are embedded #### Types of cells: - Mast Cell - Heparin(anticoagulant) - Serotonin(vasoconstrictor) - Histamine(vasodilator) - Fibroblast - Adipocytes, fat storing cells - Macrophages - Plasma Cells, secrete Ab - B cells ##### Loose Connective Tissue: - Areolar CT - Elastin fibres - Collagen fibres - Fat - Fibroblast - Macrophage - Adipose CT - Collagen fibres - Adipocytes - Reservoir of energy - Shock absorber(insulator) - White - Blubber whales - Hibernating animals - Brown - New born ##### Specialised Connective Tissue - a. Cartilage - Covering: Pericondrium of cartilage - Chondrogenic-actively dividing cells (secrete matrix and fiber) - Chondroblasts-mature cells - Lacunae - Unidirectional growth/repair - Avascular - Chondrin protein - Solid & Pliable ##### Dense Connective Tissue - Regular CT - Fibret matrix - Cells irregularly arranged - Eg Tendons-muscle with bone, ligament-bone to bone - Irregular CT - Fibret matrix↓ - Cells irregularly arranged - Eg Beneath the skin - Periosteum, endosteum ### Nervous Tissue  - Excitable cells - Do not show division - Neurons - Neuroglial cells - Support and repair - Show division - PNS - Schwann cell - Myelin sheath - CNS - Astrocyte - Oligodendrocyte - Myelin sheath - Microglial - phagocytosis of bacteria - Ependymal cell - Ciliated, columnar - Lining of ventricles ### Muscular Tissue - # 639 muscle-body - Excitable, Sensitive - Contractile - Strongest-Tongue - Largest-Gluteus maximus - Longest-Sartorius - Basiest-eye muscle - Smallest-Stapedius ### b. Bones: - Epiphysis - Shaft/diaphysis - Epiphysis - Red Bone Marrow - haemopoiesis, osteogenic - Yellow Bone Marrow - Fat store - Periosteum - Endosteum - Osteoblast - Lamellae - Endosteum - Periosteum - Haversian canal (blood lymph and nerves) - Volkmann's canal - Joining Haversian canal  ### Epithelial Tissue - Vascular, Bidirectional, Solid from pliable > High Capacity of Regeneration > devoid of vessels. > Intercellular space is very low #### Simple Epithelium | Squamous | Cuboidal | Columnar | Pseudostratified | |---|---|---|---| | - Allows exchange of molecules | # Absorption | # Absorption | # Secretion | | - Eg. Alveoli - diffusion of gases | # Secretion | # Secretion | Eg Cillated(trachea) | | - Bowman's Capsule -Filtration | # Secretion | # Secretion | | | - Blood capillaries - Exchange of nutrient | | | | | Brush | Ciliated | Ciliated | | |---|---|---|---| | Border | Columnar| Cuboidal | | | Eg PCT | Eg Bronchioles | Eg Fallopian tube, Small intestine| Eg. Ependymal cell | #### Compound Epithelium | Transitional | Stratified | | | |---|---|---|---| | Eg. Renal pelvic, ureter, urinary bladder, smooth (urethra) | - Keratinised | | | | | - Non-keratinised | | | | | Eg. Skin, Epidermis | | | | | Eg. Vagina, Buccal cavity(master protection) | | | ##### Glandular Epithelium: - # modified columnar or Cuboidal - On the basis of mode of secretion. | Number | Secretion | Mode of secretion | |---|---|---| | Unicellular | Eg Goblet cell | - Apocrine | | | # Endocrine, ductless | - Apical part damaged. | | | Eg. Hypo, pituitary | Eg. Mammary gland, axillary gland | | Multi cellular | Eg. Salivary gland | - Holocrine | | | # Heterocrine (Exo+Endo) | - Whole cell damaged.| | | Eg. Pancreas, ovary testis | Eg. Sebaceous gland | | | # Exocrine, with duct | - Merocrine | | | Eg. Salivary gland, Bartholin, Cowper’s gland | - No damage | | | | - Eg Sweat gland |
