Stem Cell 2 Slides per Page PDF

10/7/2024 FABL201 GD.4 Stem cells Prof. Dr. Noha Mahmoud Zahran Prof. of Histology & Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria [email protected]...

10/7/2024 FABL201 GD.4 Stem cells Prof. Dr. Noha Mahmoud Zahran Prof. of Histology & Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria [email protected] ILO’s. Classify the types of cell population in adults with respect to cell proliferation. 2. Recognize stem cells and their properties. 3. Differentiate between types of stem cells sources. 4. therapeutic applications of stem cells.  10/7/2024 Cell proliferation. Cell proliferation in adults: 10/7/2024  10/7/2024 Cell differentiation: It is the process by which unspecialized cells (as embryonic or regenerative cells) acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism.  10/7/2024 What are stem cells? Early development is characterized by the rapid proliferation of embryonic cells, which then differentiate to produce the many specialized types of cells that make up the tissues and organs of multicellular animals. As cells differentiate, their rate of proliferation usually decreases, and many cells in adult animals are arrested in the Go stage of the cell cycle. Stem cell properties.  10/7/2024 1- Self-renewal: it is the ability of the cell to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state. Stem cells divide asymmetrically, producing one cell that remains as a stem cell and the other cell is termed progenitor cells that divide rapidly then eventually stops dividing and becomes fully differentiated 2- Potency: it is the capacity to differentiate into more than one cell lines.  10/7/2024 Types of Stem cell. Totipotent stem cells: - They have the potential to generate all types of cells and tissues and can construct a complete, viable organism. - Totipotent stem cells are derived from the cells produced by the first few divisions of the fertilized ovum (morula cells). - Utilization of this type of cells is very hazardous. Pluripotent stem cells: - They are the descendants of totipotent cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. - They can differentiate into one of the three primary germ layers; ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. - Pluripotent stem cells undergo further specialization into multipotent progenitor cells.  10/7/2024 Multipotent stem cells: - They can produce cells of a closely-related family. - They include the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. - Unipotent cells: - They can produce mature cells of single type but still have the property of self-renewal which distinguishes them from non- stem cells. - They include stem cells in the skin epidermis.  10/7/2024 Potential sources of stem cells : Embryonic stem cells: these are pluripotent stem cells, derived from blastocyst. (Limited uses of this source is due to the ethical restriction).  10/7/2024 Adult stem cells: most adult stem cells are multipotent that can only produce a limited number of cell types. Amniotic fluid stem cells: they are multipotent stem cells. Umbilical cord blood stem cells: they are considered as pluripotent stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cell  10/7/2024 Induced pluripotent stem cell: they are produced after alteration of the genes of adult somatic cells (a process known as dedifferentiation) to revert the differentiated somatic cells to an earlier less differentiated state giving them the properties of embryonic stem cells.  10/7/2024 Stem cell stimulation? Applications of stem cells. 10/7/2024 10/7/2024  10/7/2024 Remember  10/7/2024 References. Histology and cell biology by medical staff Alexandria University. Mescher ALJLCUa. Junqueira's basic histology: text and atlas. 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2021. Gartner LP. Textbook of Histology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021. Ross MH, Pawlina W. Histology: A text and atlas; with correlated cell and molecular biology. 7th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016.