STAS_LEC-1-WEEK-2-3.pptx

“For we walk by faith, not by sight” - 2 Corinthians 5:7 Whatever we do, we should rely on our faith rather than sight. However, we always take “seeing is believing” as one of our principles of conduct.  UNIT EXPECTED OUTCOMES Define s...

“For we walk by faith, not by sight” - 2 Corinthians 5:7 Whatever we do, we should rely on our faith rather than sight. However, we always take “seeing is believing” as one of our principles of conduct.  UNIT EXPECTED OUTCOMES Define science, technology, and society Discuss the foundation of Science, Technology and Society Discuss basic concepts of Science, Technology and Society LESSON 2: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY  Science System of knowledge of the natural world gained through the scientific method.  Science Natural Science Social Science Physical Biological Sociology Humanities Science Science Physics Biology Branches of Chemistry Zoology Science? Geology Botany Meteorology Taxonomy Astronomy Pathology Origin of the Universe? Origin of the Planets? End of the World?  1) Nuclear war 2) Biological and chemical warfare 3) Catastrophic climate change 4) Ecological collapse 5) Pandemics  6) Asteroid impact 7) Supervolcanic eruption 8) Solar geoengineering 10) Unknown risks  1ST SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 1.Galileo Galilei 2. Nicolas Copernicus 3. Charles Darwin 1ST SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 1.Galileo Galilei Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath - Telescope - Moons of Jupiter  1ST SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 2. Nicolas Copernicus  1ST SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 3. Charles Darwin CHARLES DARWIN FORMULATED THE Scientific Inquiry  Scientific Inquiry is a process that is used to solve everyday problems or questions. Scientific Inquiry is also called the Scientific Method.  Scientific In Inquiry biology, 1. Observation 2. Hypothesis formation 3. Hypothesis testing 4. Data Analysis 5. Acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis HYPOTHE SIS VS THEOR HYPOTH ESIS - Never really proven - After many tests → True - Over time THEORY to explain natural phenomenon  HYPOTHESIS TESTING - Takes the form of experimental or comparative method. - In ecology, we manipulate variable Example: - In 16th century in Europe, Heavier object  HYPOTHESIS TESTING - In 16 century th in Europe, Heavier object fell faster than the lighter  HYPOTHESIS TESTING Comparative method: “Effect of smoking on lung cancer in humans” 1. We cannot expose humans to cigarette smoke ona daily basis over long periods  Comparative method: “Effect of smoking on lung cancer groups 2.Compare in humans” of humansthat have voluntarily smoked for long period (>30 years) vs. never smoked 3.Compare the incidence of cancer  Scientific Inquiry is a process that is used to solve everyday problems or questions. Scientific Inquiry is also called the Scientific Method. 1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation. 2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.  3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question it should answer the original question, and it should be testable!  3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will increase.  Testing the Hypothesis/ 4 Experim. ent: - Develop and follow a procedure. Include a detailed materials list. The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable). 5. Cllect and Analyze Results (Data Analysis) - Modify the procedure if needed. - Confirm the results by retesting. - Include tables, graphs, and photographs.  6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements  Communicate the Results: 7. Be prepared to present the project to an audience. Expect questions from the audience. TECHNOLOGY  TECHNOLOGY Greek words tekhne meaning “art or craft” and logi meaning a ‘subject or interest”.  TECHNOLOGY Practical application of knowledge Science of industrial arts and manufacture Material products or result of human fabrication and making.  TECHNOLOGY PROCECESS 1. Identification (need) desire 2. Conceptualization 3.Production or execution of plan or design 4. The use of phase. DEVELOPMENT VS. INNOVATIONS  INNOVATIONS  Which involves commercialization of prototype inventions of Research and Development into marketable products or processes. DEVELOPMENT  Involves transforming research findings into prototype inventions of new materials, devices and processes.  Classification of technology based on a country’s level of technological sophistication. 1.First Wave Technology- Agricultu Age- comprisingral the pre- industrial technologies which are labor- intensive, small-scale, decentralized and based on empirical rather than scientific knowledge.  Classification of technology based on a country’s level of technological sophistication. 2. Second Wave technology- comprising the industrial technologies which were developed since the time of industrial revolution until the end of World War II. These are usually capital-intensive technologies and are essentially based on the classical principles of classical  Classification of technology based on a country’s level of technological sophistication. 3. Third-Wave technology- comprising the post-industrial or the high technologies which are called science-intensive since they scientific are based on the knowledge modern structures, of properties the molecul and of es, and interaction atoms SOCIETY - A group of people living as a community or an organized group of people for a common purpose. SOCIETY Evolution of Societies 1. Hunter and Gatherer Societies - the most all primitive of societies. 2. Shifting and Farming - slash and burn SOCIETY Evolution of Societies 3. Agricultural and Mining Societies 4.Manufacturing and Processing Societies- the use of coal marked the start of industrialization. 5. Synthesizing and Recycling Societies- production of synthetic food and other resources and recycling of nonrenewable resources.  UNIT EXPECTED OUTCOMES Define science, technology, and society Discuss the foundation of Science, Technology and Society Discuss basic concepts of Science, Technology and Society