Structure of Computer Systems (Advanced Computer Architectures) PDF

Structure of Computer Systems (Advanced Computer Architectures) Course: Gheorghe Sebestyen Lab. works: Anca Hangan Madalin Neagu Ioana Dobos 1  Objectives and content  design of computer...

Structure of Computer Systems (Advanced Computer Architectures) Course: Gheorghe Sebestyen Lab. works: Anca Hangan Madalin Neagu Ioana Dobos 1  Objectives and content  design of computer components and systems  study of methods used for increasing the speed and the efficiently of computer systems  study of advanced computer architectures 2  Bibliography Baruch, Z. F., Structure of Computer Systems, U.T.PRES, Cluj- Napoca, 2002 Baruch, Z. F., Structure of Computer Systems with Applications, U. T. PRES, Cluj-Napoca, 2003 Gorgan, G. Sebestyen, Proiectarea calculatoarelor, Editura Albastra, 2005 Gorgan, G. Sebestyen, Structura calculatoarelor, Editura Albastra, 2000 J. Hennessy , D. Patterson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 1-5th edition D. Patterson, J. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, 1-3th edition  any book about computer architecture, microprocessors, microcontrollers or digital signal processors  Search: Intel Academic Community, Intel technologies ( http://www.intel.com/technology/product/demos/index.htm), etc.  my web page: http://users.utcluj.ro/~sebestyen 3  Course Content  Factors that influence the performance of a computer systems, technological trends  Computer arithmetic – ALU design  CPU design strategies  pipeline architectures, super-pipeline  parallel architectures (multi-core, multiprocessor systems)  RISC architectures  microprocessors  Interconnection systems  Memory design  ROM, SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, etc.  cache memory  virtual memory  Technological trends 4  Performance features  execution time  reaction time to external events  memory capacity and speed  input/output facilities (interfaces)  development facilities  dimension and shape  predictability, safety and fault tolerance  costs: absolute and relative 5  Performance features  Execution time  execution time of: operations – arithmetical operations  e.g. multiply is 30-40 times slower than adding  single or multiple clock periods instructions  simple and complex instructions have different execution times  average execution time = Σ tinstruction(i)*pinstruction(i) where pinstruction(i) – probability of instruction “i”  dependable/predictable systems – with fixed execution time for instructions 6  Performance features  Execution time  execution time of: procedures, tasks  the time to solve a given function (e.g. sorting, printing, selection, i/o operations, context switch) transactions  execution of a sequence of operations to update a database applications  e.g. 3D rendering, simulation of fluids’ flow, computation of statistical data 7  Performance features  reaction time  response time to a given event  solutions: best effort – batch programming interactive systems – event driven systems real-time systems – worst case execution time (WCET) is guaranteed  scheduling strategies for single or multi processor systems  influences: execution time of interrupt routines or procedures context-switch time background execution of operating system’s threads 8  Performance features  memory capacity and speed:  cache memory: SRAM, very high speed (