Advanced Computer Architectures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors influences execution time?

  • Memory capacity
  • Arithmetical operations (correct)
  • Input/output interfaces
  • All of the above

The execution time of multiplying is faster than that of adding.

False (B)

What is the formula for calculating average execution time?

Σ tinstruction(i)*pinstruction(i)

In dependable systems, the execution time for instructions is __________.

<p>fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the performance features with their descriptions:

<p>Execution time = Time taken for operations and tasks Reaction time = Speed of response to external events Memory capacity = Amount of data that can be stored Fault tolerance = System's ability to continue operation despite errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which performance feature is concerned with the predictability and reliability of a system?

<p>Fault tolerance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Virtual memory is a type of memory that physically exists outside the computer.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one performance feature that relates to the shape of a system.

<p>Dimension</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ indicates the total cost of a system including operational and purchase costs.

<p>absolute cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory acts as a high-speed storage area for frequently accessed data?

<p>Cache memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following architectures focuses on improving instruction execution efficiency by using multiple instruction pipelines?

<p>Pipelined architectures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RISC architectures use complex instruction sets to optimize computer performance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of memory design studied in advanced computer architectures.

<p>ROM, SRAM, DRAM, or SDRAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

The computer component responsible for executing arithmetic and logic operations is called the _____.

<p>ALU</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their functionalities:

<p>ALU = Performs arithmetic and logical operations CPU = Controls all computer operations ROM = Non-volatile memory for storing firmware SRAM = Fast memory used for cache memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the performance of computer systems?

<p>User interface design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parallel architectures utilize a single core for processing tasks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the course on advanced computer architectures?

<p>Design of computer components and systems, increasing speed and efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the design strategies that aims to improve CPU performance is called _____ architectures.

<p>super-pipeline</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is best suited for applications requiring high-speed access?

<p>SRAM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Factors influencing computer system performance

The performance of a computer system is influenced by various design decisions and technological advancements.

ALU design

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is responsible for performing mathematical and logical operations within the CPU.

Pipeline architectures

Instruction pipelining allows multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously, improving the speed of execution.

Super-pipeline architectures

Super-pipelining is an advanced technique that further breaks down instructions into smaller steps, allowing for even faster processing.

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Parallel architectures: Multi-core, Multiprocessor

Parallel architectures use multiple processors to execute tasks concurrently, achieving high performance.

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RISC architecture

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architectures utilize a limited set of simple instructions to enhance speed and efficiency.

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Microprocessors

Microprocessors are the brains of modern computers, containing the CPU and other essential components.

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Interconnection systems

Interconnection systems enable communication between different components within a computer, such as the CPU, memory, and peripherals.

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Memory design

Memory plays a crucial role in storing data and instructions for the CPU to access quickly.

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Memory types: ROM, SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM

Different memory technologies offer varying performance, cost, and access speeds.

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Cache memory

A type of memory that is significantly faster than main memory (RAM), allowing for quicker access to frequently used data. It acts as a temporary storage area, holding data that the CPU is likely to need soon, reducing access time and improving overall system performance.

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Virtual memory

A technique that allows a computer to use secondary storage (e.g., hard drive) as if it were part of the main memory (RAM). It allows for running programs and storing data larger than the available RAM, expanding the computer's perceived memory.

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Execution time

The time it takes for a computer to complete a task or execute a set of instructions. It's a key measure of how quickly a computer can perform operations.

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Execution time of operations

The speed and effectiveness of the arithmetic operations performed by a computer's central processing unit (CPU).

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Reaction time to external events

The time it takes for a computer to respond to an external event, such as user input or a network request, after receiving the signal. It's crucial for interactive applications and responsiveness.

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Memory capacity

The amount of data that can be stored in a computer's memory. This is often measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, or terabytes.

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Memory speed

How fast data can be accessed from and written to a computer's memory. Measured in units like nanoseconds or milliseconds.

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Input/output facilities (interfaces)

The means by which a computer interacts with external devices such as keyboards, monitors, printers, and storage devices, enabling information exchange.

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Development facilities

The tools and resources available for developers to create software applications for a particular computer system. This includes programming languages, libraries, and development environments.

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Dimension and shape

The physical dimensions and shape of a computer system. This includes factors like size, weight, and design aspects.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course Title: Structure of Computer Systems (Advanced Computer Architectures)
  • Instructor: Gheorghe Sebestyen
  • Lab Assistants: Anca Hangan, Madalin Neagu, Ioana Dobos

Course Objectives and Content

  • Design of computer components and systems
  • Study of methods for increasing computer system speed and efficiency
  • Study of advanced computer architectures

Course Content

  • Factors influencing computer system performance (e.g., technological trends)
  • Computer arithmetic (ALU design)
  • CPU design strategies (e.g., pipeline architectures, super-pipelines, parallel architectures, RISC architectures, microprocessors)
  • Interconnection systems
  • Memory design (ROM, SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, cache memory, virtual memory)
  • Technological trends

Performance Features

  • Execution time (execution time of operations, arithmetical operations, simple and complex instructions)
  • Reaction time to external events (best effort, interactive systems, real-time systems, worst case execution time (WCET))
  • Memory capacity and speed (cache memory, internal memory, external memory)
  • Input/output facilities (interfaces)
  • Development facilities
  • Dimension and shape
  • Predictability, safety and fault tolerance
  • Costs (absolute and relative)

Physical Performance Parameters

  • Clock signal's frequency (a good measure of performance, depends on the integration technology, transistor dimension, path lengths, supply voltage, relative distance between high and low states, clock period, complex CPUs)
  • Execution time of a program (more realistic, comparative analysis, benchmarks)
  • Other metrics (number of transactions per second, communication bandwidth, context switch time)

Principles for Performance Improvement

  • Moore's Law (doubling of transistors every two years)
  • Amdahl's Law (speedup limited by the fraction of the program that can't be parallelized)
  • Locality principles (time locality, space locality)
  • Parallel execution principle (data level, instruction level, thread level, application level)

Improving CPU Performance

  • Execution time (Instr_no / IPS)
  • CPI (cycles per instruction)
  • Methods to reduce execution time (reduce frequency of instructions, reduce CPI, reduce clock signal period, increase frequency)
  • Reduce instruction count (improve algorithms, more powerful instructions using multiple operations)
  • Reduce CPI (pipeline execution methods, simplify CPU architecture)
  • Reduce clock period (reduce dimensions of switches)

Conclusions

  • Ways of increasing processor speed (less instructions, simpler instructions, smaller CPI, parallel execution at different levels, higher clock frequency).

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Structure of Computer Systems (Advanced Computer Architectures) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on advanced computer architectures with this quiz. Explore the design of computer components, CPU strategies, memory systems, and factors influencing performance. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of computer system efficiencies.

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