SS130 Cardiovascular Emergencies.pdf

SS 130 FIRST AID Cardiovascular Emergencies KENNETH DOYA G. NONESA, MD Senior Lecturer 1 DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN KINETICS COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES IN MINDANAO 09/ 25/ 2024 Key Learnings: Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System Essential Man...

SS 130 FIRST AID Cardiovascular Emergencies KENNETH DOYA G. NONESA, MD Senior Lecturer 1 DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN KINETICS COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES IN MINDANAO 09/ 25/ 2024 Key Learnings: Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System Essential Maneuvers for assessing cardiovascular status Common Cardiac and Chest Symptoms Basic Life Support Approach to a patient with foreign body airway obstruction The Carotid Pulse Inspect the neck for carotid pulsations, often visible just medial to the SCM muscles. Then place your index and middle fingers (Fig. 9-28) or left thumb (Fig. 9-29) on the right carotid artery in the lower third of the neck and palpate for pulsations. Press just inside the medial border of a relaxed SCM muscle, roughly at the level of the cricoid cartilage. Avoid pressing on the carotid sinus, which lies adjacent to the top of the thyroid cartilage. For the left carotid artery, use your right fingers or thumb. Never palpate both carotid arteries at the same time. This may decrease blood flow to the brain and induce syncope. PLS WATCH: https://youtu.be/bB7j0lvso7Q?si=4i4Te0_c5-0fcOll The Brachial Pulse The patient’s arm should rest with the elbow extended, palm up. Cup your hand under the patient’s elbow or support the forearm. You may need to flex the elbow to a varying degree to get optimal muscular relaxation. Use the index and middle fingers or thumb of your opposite hand for palpation. Feel for the pulse just medial to the biceps tendon (Fig. 9-30). PLS WATCH: https://youtu.be/tZCPZUHgFks?si=laRhFFtGNlqlpfDS Stethoscope The diaphragm. The diaphragm is better for picking up the relatively highpitched sounds of S1 and S2, the murmurs of aortic and mitral regurgitation, and pericardial friction rubs. Listen throughout the precordium with the diaphragm, pressing it firmly against the chest. The bell. The bell is more sensitive to the low-pitched sounds of S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. Apply the bell lightly, with just enough pressure to produce an air seal with its full rim. Use the bell at the apex, then move medially along the lower sternal border. Resting the heel of your hand on the chest like a fulcrum may help you to maintain light pressure. Firm pressure on the bell can stretch the PLS WATCH: underlying skin and make it function more like the https://youtu.be/0J9UCN7Hwio?si=Bq0od7- diaphragm. Low-pitched sounds like S3 and S4 may then Lps2XGvj5 disappear— an observation that can help identify them. In contrast, high-pitched sounds such as a midsystolic click, an ejection sound, or an OS will persist or get louder. A Sphygmomanometer or BP (Blood Pressure) Monitor is a device that measures blood pressure, particularly in arteries. It is composed of an inflatable rubber cuff, which is wrapped around the arm. A measuring device indicates the cuff's pressure. A bulb inflates the cuff and a valve releases pressure. A stethoscope is used to listen to arterial blood flow sounds which are called “Korotkoff” sounds. What is Blood Pressure? The human heart is a muscular pump. When it is contracting (heartbeat) it pushes blood through blood vessels called arteries. The pushing force exerted on artery walls by the blood flow is called blood pressure. The pressure is dependent on the rate and force at which the heart is contracting (heartbeat) and also on the diameter and elasticity of the walls of the arteries. High blood pressure puts a lot of stress on the blood vessels and the heart. It is important to monitor and if necessary reduce the blood pressure to prevent damage to the blood vessels and the heart. A blood pressure reading consists of two numbers: 1. Systolic 2. Diastolic. Systolic refers to systole, the phase when the heart pumps blood out into the aorta. Diastolic refers to diastole, the resting period when the heart refills with blood. At each heartbeat, blood pressure is raised to the systolic level, and, between beats, it drops to the diastolic level. Systolic and diastolic pressures are commonly stated as systolic 'over' diastolic and measured in Millimeters of Mercury. For example, 120 over 80 (120 / 80 mmHg). The average normal blood pressure for a resting adult is