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PART 1. TRAFFIC a. Economic Boom contribute to traffic congestion An economic Boom is economy doing well - More jobs - Good economy - More people with money Many people go out to spend their money for goods and services leading to traffic congestion. - Building more infrastruct...

PART 1. TRAFFIC a. Economic Boom contribute to traffic congestion An economic Boom is economy doing well - More jobs - Good economy - More people with money Many people go out to spend their money for goods and services leading to traffic congestion. - Building more infrastructure such as roads and bridges People just tend to use those new infrastructures, therefore making traffic worse. b. Centralized Economy contribute to traffic congestion Centralized Economy is more jobs and more opportunities in an area - People tend to go to look for jobs in a highly centralized economy area for more opportunities to find jobs. c. Environment affected by Traffic - Smoke emissions from cars - creates harmful byproducts that affects the environment - More roads because of traffic - destroying forests, etc, in exchange for more roads and less traffic. d. Traffic affects health - Fumes from cars are not good for people to inhale. - Road rage (Mental health) - Stressed out - late for work, events, etc - Uncomfortable (Sitting down for a long time) - Diet issues (going to a drive thru due to traffic) e. I. Public transportation loses time and money  - Traffic limits trips of public transportation vehicles. This applies to taxis, jeeps, buses. For example, under better conditions, a bus might be able to go from Quezon City to Manila 6 times a day but because of bad traffic, it can only go 4 times. The two lost trips are money lost. Additionally, gas is continuously getting used even if you are stuck in traffic. - Time = money II. Government loses tax because of lost revenue. - People who are late for work because of traffic won’t get paid - Government can’t get enough tax if people don't get paid. f. Fuel expenditures affected by traffic congestion - Due to traffic, your car will keep moving at a slow pace, even if you drive slowly, your engine will still consume fuel. g. Vacant public lands for commercial developments Commercial developments are more jobs to make commercial structures. - Government sells public vacant spaces to corporations to create commercial structures (Malls, restaurants, etc) - Leads to a shortage in road infrastructure. h. Stricter fines can lessen traffic congestion - Irresponsible drivers who don’t follow traffic rules are one of the reasons for traffic congestion. - Implementing fines to the drivers who disobey the traffic regulations should pay fines for breaking rules and if they disobey it repeatedly, it can possibly lead to a confiscation of license. - If fines are stricter, people will then resort/prefer to use public transport, lessening the cars on the road. i. Manila traffic is only a facet of a wider social problem in Manila - The traffic congestion in Manila, plus the many commuters losing hours of their day hopping from one mode of transport to another just to arrive at one destination; this shows how the middle-low class citizens suffer in the Philippines. - The social problem in the Philippines is that the government officials don’t give any importance to solving the traffic congestion since this commute doesn’t affect them. - Traffic causes more social problems such as stress, mental heath issues, depression. Ultimately, mental health can affect your physical health; people will start feeling aches more often. PART 2. Polarization 1. What is Polarization - Sharp divisions, conflict, unyielding, stereotyping, social media is a “battlefield” usually about opposing opinions or beliefs - Both sides are not giving in or even considering each other's opinions. - Disunity ≠ Polarization but disunity can lead to polarization Socio -Economic cultural classes can lead to polarization - Rich and less rich - Educated and less educated - Urban and Rural - English speaking and non-english speaking Envy from lower to higher Higher look down on lower 2. Why do miscommunication, misrepresentation, stereotyping, name-calling, ad hominem, and trolling take place even if they have nothing to do with solving the problems at hand - Instead of solving the problem, the two (or more) sides are attacking each other. They are more concerned with making the other side look bad rather than addressing the problem. - People who are involved in these arguments online usually become agitated and rage-driven. Therefore, when people do not have anything against the other person; they result in making it personal by name-calling, trolling, and stereotyping. - Basically they do not have an open mind anymore since they are mad so they just do anything to humiliate that person. 3. What is “green-posturing” or “green scamming”? Why do businesses do this? - When people use the term “Green” (meaning environmental friendly) just to get more customers not for the environment - They do this to get more customers/supporters/members 4. What is “virtue-signaling”? Why do people do this? - When somebody talks about a opinion as their own but not supporting it with actions or not actually having that opinion - Hypocrisy  - They do this to gain clout or followers and social impression PART 3. Environmentalism- Doomsday approach 1. What do you think is wrong with the Doomsday approach (also known as “Apocalyptic or Fear-mongering”)? - The Doomsday approach is basically panicking for the future because of theories about the end of the world. It captures the feeling of fear within people which causes them to start panicking. - The Doomsday approach is first and foremost, not based on accurate data and information. As a result of this it causes a stir among the masses and heavily over-exaggerates the projection of the effects of global warming. In some instances it doesn't even occur. - It desensitizes. We notice how in the past all the predictions seldom came true as a result we've gotten used to the false predictions and have been tuning them out. What happens when a real threat occurs and we just tune it out again? - We miss opportunities to solve the issue by only focusing on the negatives instead of what we can actually do 2. Why do many people still believe the Doomsday approach even if there is a long record of failed forecasts?  - Many people still believe the doomsday approach because more often than not social media and other media platforms amplify the spread of these forecasts. - Many of these forecasts are disguised as scientific claims even though it's really just a bunch of bs based on inaccurate data and weak, flawed evidence. - We fail to learn from past mistakes. People often forget past failed predictions, especially if they were not personally affected by them. This allows new predictions to gain traction without the burden of historical failure. 3. What is the basic teaching of Thomas Malthus regarding population and food? What is the basic error? - Population growth will outweigh food growth. This is a mistake because food production is now industrialized and grows geometrically, therefore the new generation will not have any problems with food. 4. What are the flaws in the approach and the content of Paul Ehrlich? - Not data-driven - Fear driven - Denies Problem solving In summary, the doomsday approach is not based on data and statistics. Since the people didn’t bother to fact-check the claims, it caused many people to panic. Despite many failed claims on the doomsday approach, people still believe in it because the claims are over exaggerated which makes it sound true. Thomas Malthus claimed that the population will grow so much that there will not be enough food for everyone. He explained how humans reproduce faster than how our food (such as animals and plants) reproduce. He is known to be the “first” to start panicking about population growth. REMEMBER: MISinformation- NOT DELIBERATELY giving fake information. DISinformation- DELIBERATELY giving fake information