SS 8 Q2 Egypt and Contributions of Ancient Civilizations PDF

THE ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS West Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and Africa  EGYPTIAN (AFRICA) Dynasties Important Events Before the Time of The ancient Egyptians lived in community near the river valley of Nile. Dynasties...

THE ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS West Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and Africa  EGYPTIAN (AFRICA) Dynasties Important Events Before the Time of The ancient Egyptians lived in community near the river valley of Nile. Dynasties Cultivated his own writing system called hieroglyphics (Before 3100 BCE) Time of those First During this period, Pharaoh Menes ruled the unification of the two Dynasty (First and kingdoms of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Second Dynasty 3100-2670 BCE) The Nile River Egyptian Pharaoh  EGYPTIAN (AFRICA) Dynasties Important Events Old Kingdom Period of the Third and Sixth Dynasties (Third to Sixth During this period, wonders were built Egyptian pyramid structure. Dynasty 2670-2150 These pyramids such as the Great Pyramid of Khufu and Giza served as BCE) the tomb of the pharaohs. First Intermediate By 2160 BCE, the pharaoh attempted again uniting the Lower Egypt and Period (7th to 11th Upper Egypt. This caused the two dynasties to clash. Dynasties) 2150-2040 BCE) Middle Ages (12th and They extended their power to by strengthening their army weapons and 13th Dynasty 2040 chariot use. 1650 BCE) They extended their power to the southern part and expelled the Hyksos “prince of a foreign land”.  Dynasties Important Events Second Intermediate Loss of security and stability over dynasty rule. Period (14th until the 17th The Great Hyksos of the 15th Dynasty Dynasty 1650-1550 BCE) In the 17th Dynasty the Hyksos were ousted from Egypt. New Kingdom (16th to 20th Under the leadership of Pharaoh Amenophis IV or Akhenaton, Dynasty 1550-107 BCE) changed the belief of the Egyptians regarding polytheism or worship of many gods. Third Intermediate Period Smendes of Lower Egypt began the 21st Dynasty called Tanites. (21st to 25th Dynasty 1070- This dynasty was ruled by kings from Libya and established the 664 BCE) 22nd Dynasty under the leadership of Shoshenq I. Many groups are competing for that power up to led to the formation of the 23rd Dynasty. Piye ruled the 24th Dynasty.  EGYPTIAN (AFRICA) Dynasties Important Events Last Period Psammetichus led the 26th Dynasty. (26th to 31st Dynasty) The Persians took control of Egypt in led by Cambyses II who became the first king of the 27th Dynasty. In 332 BCE, Alexander the Great conquered the Egypt. His empire is vast. It reached to Macedonia, Asia Minor, Persia and Mesopotamia to the Indus Valley in India. In 323 BCE, Alexander the Great died and his friend Ptolemy took his place. Psammetichus Cambyses II Alexander the Ptolemy Great GREATEST CONTRIBUTIONS - MESOPOTAMIA Architecture Great Ziggurat of Ur located in southern Iraq in province of Dhi Qar. Thirty meters high, 64 long meters and a size of 46 meters. The Hittites also invented iron which they used in their weapons and carriages. Law Hammurabi's code called for the idea “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. A law developed by Hammurabi during the Babylonian period. It consists of 282 law. GREATEST CONTRIBUTIONS - MESOPOTAMIA Government Satrap or province ruled by governors contributed by the Persians. Linguistic The Phoenicians developed the Alphabet. It starts with the word Aleph and second is Beth. Education Algebra and counting by 60 Having the counting of time and calendar Usage of fraction and square root. Religion Christianity and Judaism (Hebrew) – belief in Jesus Christ Zoroastrianism (Persian) – belief in Ahura Mazda, God of Goodness, and Ahriman, God of Evil Literature Epic of Gilgamesh and Enuma Elish (Babylonia) System of Writing Cuneiform - ancient system of writing used by the Sumerians. Science System of calendar based on the phases of the moon.  GREATEST CONTRIBUTIONS - INDUS Architecture Even roads or grid patterns Proper drainage and dikes under the house. Law Arthashastra or Kautilya's governing law. Language Sanskrit from the Aryans. Education Importance of pi and usage of Zero Religion Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism Hinduism is non-violence initiated by Mahatma Gandhi Buddhism is from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama Buddha Literature Mahabharata at Ramayana two epics from India Book of Vedas- sacred book of Hindus composed of war songs, rituals and essays. System of Writing Pictograph or describing a certain object Science Ayurveda - method of ancient treatment of Indians using herbs.  GREATEST CONTRIBUTIONS - CHINA Architecture Great Wall of China built by Shih Huang Ti. Built as a barrier to tribes from the north who wanted to conquer China. Law Confucianism (Confucius), Taoism (Lao Tzu), Legalism (Xun Zi) Government Dynasty or clan system of leadership, Monarchy. Their king is called Emperor. Education Civil Service Examination and conducting Scholarship. Invention of Paper and printing press Literature Writing Chinese History by Sima Qian, I Ching (Classic of Change) and Bing Fa (Art of War). System of Writing Calligraphy - system of writing used by Chinese people Science Acupuncture or treatment with needles which is injected into the veins. It started during the time of Shih Huang Ti of the Q'in or Ch'in dynasty. Using Abacus and Chopsticks. Practicing Feng Shui or the balancing of Ying and Yang.  GREATEST CONTRIBUTIONS - EGYPT Architecture Pyramid and Sphinx that is in Giza, Egypt that was made during the time of Khufu, also known as Cheops, using thousands of Egyptian. Government Rule of the Pharaohs. They are believed to be messengers from heaven. Education Roll of paper from the Papyrus Plant Geometry subject Literature Book of Dead - book that contains the method of embalming or mummification. System of Writing Hieroglyphics - ancient Egyptian writing found on the Rosetta Stone or Clay Tablet excavated at delta of the Nile river. Science Mummification or embalming of the dead Calendar with 365 days.  ACTIVITY Supply the answer in the items based on analogy. 1. Sumerian: Cuneiform; China: ____________. 2. Babylonian: Code of Hammurabi; Indus: _____________ 3. Persia: Zoroastrianism; Indus: _________________ 4. Egyptian: Pyramid; China: __________________ 5. Indus Civilization: Ayurveda; Chinese Civilization: ______________ 6. Ramayana at Mahabharata: Dravidian; Epic of Gilgamesh: ______________ 7. Egypt: Pharaoh; China: _______________ 8. India: Buddhism ; China:_______________ 9. Multiple Gods: Polytheism; One God: __________________ 10. Counting by 60’s: Sumerian; Usage of Zero: ___________________