SS 405 Professional Practices Week 2 (Part 1) PDF

SS 405 Professional Practices Week # 2 (Part 1) Definitions of Computing Disciplines Dr. Mariam Nosheen  Table of contents Previous Lecture – What is Computing – Historical Context of Computing – Social Context of Computing – Economic Co...

SS 405 Professional Practices Week # 2 (Part 1) Definitions of Computing Disciplines Dr. Mariam Nosheen  Table of contents Previous Lecture – What is Computing – Historical Context of Computing – Social Context of Computing – Economic Context of Computing Todays Lecture – Definitions of Computing Disciplines  What is Computing Computing, on the other hand, considers the role of computers and their management within organizations. More simply, it’s the study of what computers can do; its key focus is the ways in which we can use computers to accomplish tasks, streamline processes, exchange information, and much more. Computing Levels Disciplines Computer Engineering Data Sciences How computing disciplines arise  Computing Disciplines 1. Computer Science 2. Computer Engineering 3. Software Engineering 4. Information Technology 5. Information Systems HEC Pakistan 6. Data Sciences 7. Artificial Intelligence 8. Cyber Security 9. Multimedia and Gaming 10.Bio informatics 11.Human Computer Interaction  Computing Disciplines Computer Science Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers. It is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications and the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information. Computer Science is the application of a systematic, disciplined and quantifiable approach to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of software systems. It is in fact the practice of designing and implementing large, reliable, efficient and economical software by applying the principles and practices of engineering. The program aims to train students in all aspects of software life cycle from specification through analysis and design to testing, maintenance and evaluation  Computing Disciplines Computer Science Computer Science spans a wide range, from its theoretical and algorithmic foundations to cutting-edge developments in robotics, computer vision, intelligent systems, bioinformatics, and other exciting areas. The overall scope of Computer Science may be viewed into the following three categories: To develop effective ways to solve computing problems. For example, Computer Science develops the best possible ways to store information in databases, send data over networks, and display complex images. The theoretical background offered by Computer Science allows determining the best performance possible, and their study of algorithms. It enables to develop new problem-solving approaches that provide better performance..  Computing Disciplines Computer Science It devises new ways to use computers intelligently and effectively. Progress in the areas of networking, database, and human-computer-interface came together as a result of the world-wide-web, which changed the entire world. Now, researchers are working to make robots that are practical aides and demonstrate intelligence, databases that create new knowledge and, in general, use computers to do new things It deals with the design and implementation of software systems. Computer Science provides training and skills for the successful implementation of software systems that solve challenging programming jobs. Computer Science spans the range from theory to models, design and programming. Computer Science offers a comprehensive foundation that permits graduates to adapt to new technologies and new ideas  Computing Disciplines Computer Science Scientific Method The process developed by the scientific community for examining observations and events is known as the scientific method many activities carried out by computer scientists follow the scientific method e.g., designing and implementing a large database system requires hypothesizing about its behavior under various conditioning, experimenting to test those hypotheses, analyzing the results, and possibly redesigning e.g., debugging a complex program requires forming hypotheses about where an error might be occurring,  Computing Disciplines Computer Science Artificial Science the distinction between computer science and natural sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics is the type of systems being studied natural sciences study naturally occurring phenomena and attempt to extract underlying laws of nature computer science study human-made constructs: programs, computers, and computational modes Herbert Simon coined the phrase "artificial science" to distinguish computer science from the natural sciences in Europe, computer science is commonly called "Informatics" emphasizes the role of information processing as opposed to machinery the term "Algorithmics" has also been proposed emphasizes the role of algorithms and problem solving other related fields study computation from different perspectives Computer engineering focuses on the design and construction  Computing Disciplines Computer Science Computer Science Theme  Computing Disciplines Computer Science  Computing Disciplines Computer Engineering Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several Firmware fields of electrical is a formand engineering of microcode or program computer science required to embedded develop computer into and hardware hardware devices to help them software. operate effectively. Computer engineers Hardware usually have like training in cameras, electronicmobile phones, network engineering (electrical cards, software engineering), optical drives, printers, design, and routers, hardware-software scanners,instead integration and television remotes rely of only software on engineering or electronic firmware built into their memory to function engineering. Firmware smoothly.  Computing Disciplines Computer Engineering Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of individual microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, to circuit design. Computer engineers are also suited for robotics research, which relies heavily on using digital systems to control and monitor electrical systems like motors, communications, and sensors. Firmware  Computing Disciplines Computer Engineering Sub Areas  Computing Disciplines Software Engineering Software Engineering is the discipline of developing and maintaining software systems that behave reliably and efficiently, and are affordable to develop and maintain. However, more recently it has evolved in response to the increased importance of software in safety-critical applications and to the growing impact of large and expensive software systems in a wide range of situations. The following describes an overview of Software Engineering. To provide software development practices requires more than just the under lying principles of computer science; it offers the rigor that the engineering disciplines bring to the reliability and trust worthiness of the artefacts. Software Engineering is different in character from other engineering disciplines, due to both the in tangible nature of software and to the discontinuous nature of software operation.  Computing Disciplines Software Engineering It seeks to integrate the science of Computer Science with the engineering principles developed for tangible and physical phenomena Software plays a central and underpinning role in almost all aspects of daily life: communications, government, manufacturing, banking and finance, education, transportation, entertainment, medicine, agriculture, and law. The number, size, and application domains of computer programs have grown dramatically; as a result, huge sums are being spent on software development. Most people’s lives and livelihoods depend on this development’s effectiveness. Software products help us to be more efficient and productive. They provide information, make us more effective problem solvers, and provide us with safer, flexible, and less confining work, entertainment, and recreation environments.  Computing Disciplines Major Software Engineering Sub Areas Quality Assurance Video Game Designing Programming, Web Development, Software Application Development, Project Management Data sciences Mobile Application Development  Computing Disciplines Software Engineering vs Computer Science  Computing Disciplines Information Technology Information Technology (IT) primarily deals with the implementation, maintenance, and use of computer systems, networks, and software to manage and process data Practical implementation and management of computer systems and networks. A contemporary term that describes the combination of computer technology (hardware and software) with telecommunications technology (data, image, and voice networks). It involves tasks such as installing and configuring hardware and software, managing databases, troubleshooting technical issues, and providing technical support to users. IT professionals often work on the practical application of technology to meet the needs of organisations and individuals.  Computing Disciplines Information Technology Major Sub Areas  Computing Disciplines Information Technology  Computing Disciplines Information Systems + Data  Computing Disciplines Information Systems  Computing Disciplines Information Systems Sub Areas  Computing Disciplines Information Systems Vs Information Technology  Computing Disciplines Information Systems Vs Information Technology