Spiritual Self PDF

Spiritual Self 5. Intrapersonal- understanding oneself Mental Self 6. Bodily- Kinesthetic- athletes. Control Intelligence – ability to handle with body movements effectiveness new and novel situations...

Spiritual Self 5. Intrapersonal- understanding oneself Mental Self 6. Bodily- Kinesthetic- athletes. Control Intelligence – ability to handle with body movements effectiveness new and novel situations 7. Visual-spatial- aesthetic sense. Capacity to think in images and pictures. Puzzle - Ability to analyze, evaluate, assess, building judge comprehend, rationalize, 8. Naturalist- connection to nature. understand people, objects, and 9. Existentialist- tackle deep questions symbols. about human existence ALFRED BINET, French psychologist ROBERT STERNBERG “mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation, selection, shaping Intelligence is a combination of mental of real-world environments” capacities. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Assess one’s intelligence 1. Analytical – evaluate and solve Ability to perform cognitive tasks problems Understanding definition of words 2. Creative- come up with new ideas Ability to follow instructions and 3. Practical- adapt to changing directions environment NATURE AND NURTURE IN DEVELOPMENT OF RAYMOND CATTELL Fluid vs. Crystallized INTELLIGENCE Intelligence Nature- genetic and hereditary makeup. Physical Fluid Intelligence- think and reason abstractly appearance and personality characteristics and solve problems. Independent of previous Nurture- environmental variables. Childhood knowledge. Decrease w age experiences, how we are raised Crystallized- knowledge from prior learning +. Interactionism- heredity and environment Increase w age presumed to interact PETER SALOVEY AND JOHN MAYER “perceive emotions to assist thought” THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE HOWARD GARDNER- multiple intelligence, spiritual intelligence 1. Verbal Linguistic- language proficiency - Sensitivity to sounds, meanings, rhythm of words 2. Logical-Mathematical- proficiency in math, logical, thinking, abstract reasoning 3. Musical- produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, timber 4. Interpersonal- understanding people Learning and Better Student Motivation and Setting Goals for Success Learning – relatively permanent change in behavior THEORIES OF MOTIVATION -lasts for a considerable time depending on its 1. Drive-reduction/Push Theory/Intrinsic- usage and relevance pushing an individual to behave the way he does. -process involves all experiences - Comes from within the person. Own -product of behavioral changes willingness to change. 2. Incentive motivation/Pull Edward Thorndike's laws of learning Theory/extrinsic- pulling, external Connectionism forces, incentives 3. Instinct Theory- respond without 1. Laws of readiness thinking. WILLIAM JAMES 2. Law of exercise- repetition rehearsal SIGMUND FREUD- eros (life) Thanatos 3. Law of effect- approval leads to (death) motivation Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning 4. Cognitive Theory/ Expectancy or Value- JOHN ATKINSON- goals control behavior Burrhus Frederick Skinner’s Operant 5. Arousal Theory- unique arousal level. Conditioning – rewards and punishments 6. Humanistic Approaches- cycle of Administering -positive motivation, once a need has been satisfied, man continues to satisfy needs Taking Away- negative coming his way. Biological needs. Sex and Motivation. Albert Bandura- modeling and imitation MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Memory- remember and recall Short Term- duration is very short Long Term- repetitions of thinking Forgetting- loss of knowledge Interference- disruptive events Altruism- willingness to help without Trace Decay- non usage non practice any return Love- psychosocial 7. Self Determination Theory EDWARD DECI RICHARD RYAN – driven by a need to grow and gain fulfillment. Internal sources of motivation 1. Personality  - Openness – intellectual curiosity and creativity - Conscientious- organized and Healthcare and Stress Management dependable - Neuroticism- psychological stress SELYE - Agreeableness- ones trusting nature - Extraversion- seek company of others STRESS – non specific response of body to many 2. Self esteem demands made upon it Consistency theory by Korman slef LAZARUS esteem leads to performance STRESS- situation that is threatening and 1. Chronic- persons feelings about exceeding one’s resources himself TYPES OF STRESS 2. Situational- feelings about himself in particular situation 1. Stress- feeling of anxiety or pressure 3. Socially Influenced- view of 2. Eustress- stress that yields positive oneself based on expectations results of others - Hormones help deal with stress MERTON “self-fulfilling - Adrenaline help individual manage prophecy” -false definition of stress behavior evoking new behavior 3. Distress- negative effects - No hormonal balance - Cortisol stress hormone 3.Types of Needs CAUSES OF STRESS - Need for Achievement- attain realistic Stressors- sources of stress and challenging goals - Need for Affiliation- social interaction Major stressors- drastic changes in events in life - Need for Power- need to control and Minor stressors- occurrences happening in influence others events in living 4. Sources of Motivation-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Burnout- exhaustion and over fatigue. Accumulated stresses reach a saturation point Physical stressors- unfavorable physical surroundings Psychological stressors- unpleasant mental and emotional stress 1. Conflict- pulled toward two desires/goals which can be attained Approach-approach- choose between two desirable goals  Avoidance-avoidance- choose between you. Ex. disconnecting from social two undesirable goals media 5. Sensory rest- taking time to unplug Approach-avoidance- choose or not and reduce external stimuli. Staying choose a goal with both positive and away from lots of places with noise negative aspects 6. Creative rest- stop doing start observing and exploring 2. Conflict- pulled toward two 7. Spiritual rest- connect beyond desires/goals which only one can be physical and mental and feel a attained deeps sense of belonging Double approach-avoidance conflict- decide between two goals with each goal possessing both negative and positive effects Multiple approach-avoidance conflict- decide between more than two goals both possessing positive and negative effects COPING WITH STRESS Problem-focused coping- problem can be eliminated or changed so its not stressful anymore or it is reduced. Emotion-focused coping- changing ones reactions to a stressor Mental Hygiene- proper care of the mind 1. Physical rest- allowing body to pause and relax. Ex 2. Mental Rest- giving brain a break stop forcing it to process information. Essential for learning. Ex. writing journal 3. Emotional Rest- processing emotions to not hold them in 4. Social rest- spending time alone when other people have drained