BIOL275 Lab 1 Presentation Spring 2025 PDF

BIOL275 LAB FUNDAMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY SPRING 2025 LAB 1 LAB SAFETY  LAB SAFETY (AS YOU ENTER) 1. Leave water or food outside the lab 2. Place your items in the cubby below your bench 3. Wash your hands with water and soap 4. Keep your phone away unless when taking pictures of your samp...

BIOL275 LAB FUNDAMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY SPRING 2025 LAB 1 LAB SAFETY  LAB SAFETY (AS YOU ENTER) 1. Leave water or food outside the lab 2. Place your items in the cubby below your bench 3. Wash your hands with water and soap 4. Keep your phone away unless when taking pictures of your samples 5. Put on safety glasses 6. Put on lab coat (stored in baskets) 7. Put on gloves 8. Disinfect the bench LAB SAFETY (AS YOU LEAVE) 1. Disinfect the bench 2. Wash your gloves with 70% ethanol 3. Remove gloves and store in plastic bag 4. Remove lab coat (fold and place in bag for storage) 5. Remove safety glasses 6. Wash your hands with water and soap BIOSAFETY LEVELS (BSL) We will be operating in a BSL2 lab because we are working with bacterial unknowns. Always wear gloves, safety glasses, and a lab coat Never bring lab items outside of lab (plates, cultures, loops) SAFETY RULES SAFETY RULES Working outside your lab section time: Only allowed IF there are other faculty in the floor. You must adhere to proper microbiological techniques at all times Do not apply cosmetics (including lip balm) or touch your eyes (contacts) If you have a skin injury, make sure it is covered with a bandage Lab Coats Biosafety Cabinet Safety GlassesLAB SAFETY TOUR SAFETY DOCUMENTS  Read, complete and sign the Lab Safety Rules document.  Indicate where the safety materials/equipment are located  Complete the Contact Lens and Medical Concerns Waiver document.  Bring the documents to the Instructor and sign the Submission document. CLASS MATERIALS LAB NOTEBOOK – WILL BE DONE ON ONENOTE  OneNote is free to use by logging in to Microsoft 365 using your Campbell email.  Ask for help before leaving lab if you can’t access it. LAB REPORTS – READ CAREFULLY THE ”LAB REPORT GUIDELINES” ON BLACKBOARD Question or Goal: There will be 7 Lab Reports in total Hypothesis: Read carefully the “Lab Report Guidelines” on Rationale: Blackboard Methods: Read each Lab Report layout in OneNote carefully. Results: They will indicate tips on how to complete it. Interpretations and Conclusions: Use your Lab Handouts as a guide: They will usually hint to the goal of the Notes (optional): experiments They will list discussion questions to focus on when writing your Interpretations and Conclusions.  LAB NOTEBOOK Add information AS SOON as you have it! If you use abbreviations, define them first. Always write scientific name of bacterial species in italics. Example: Escherichia coli or E. coli During some labs, your instructor will check your notebook to make sure you are keeping up with updating it. This will be part of your Quiz grade. LAB GRADING Laboratory Grade Distribution Lab Notebook 35% 20% Lab Quizzes Lab Practical 15% 20% Poster Presentation Prelabs 10% 100 Total % Dean Locklear 2022 Ester Howard Summer Research Scholar  HOW TO PREPARE FOR EACH LAB (UNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE) 1. Before Lab:  Complete the Readings/Videos indicated in Blackboard  Complete your Prelab Quiz by Mondays at midnight in Blackboard  Skim that weeks Lab Handout to have an idea of what will the lab consist of 2. In lab:  Pay attention to your lab instructor lecture.  Carefully follow the Lab Handout Protocols to complete the lab experiments.  Your instructor will provide additional instructions not present in your Lab Handout. Make sure you pay attention and take notes! 3. After lab:  Complete your Lab Quiz by Saturdays at midnight. BIOL275 LAB GOALS Research Goal Identify and characterize antibiotic-producing bacteria from an environmental sample. Learning Goal Learn basic microbiology techniques in the context of an original research project. In the process, learn how to analyze, present and communicate original research results. HOW WILL I DO RESEARCH?!?! You will select your own samples You will be able to modify techniques to answer your research questions You will carefully document your protocols, findings and conclusions in your lab notebook ANTIBIOTIC DISCOVERY  Fleming in England -- 1929 Accidental discovery Contaminant inhibited growth of Staphylococcus Responsible chemical – penicillin Produced by Penicillium mold THE VAST MAJORITY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ANTIBIOTICS ARE DERIVED FROM MICROBES. ONLY A HANDFUL ARE SYNTHESIZED FROM SCRATCH. NOT MANY NEW ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS APPROVED IN THE UNITED STATES https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/ar-threats-  Cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 64% mortality from MRSA (MRSA) annually blood infections in U.S. 15-fold increase in MRSA- association mortality since 1993 Adapted from "Hospital stays with MRSA infections 1993-2005” Source: AHRQ, Center for Delivery, Organization and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1993-2005." THE NEED OF NEW ANTIBIOTIC DISCOVERIES Few new antibiotics in the pipeline - Largely abandoned in big pharma - NIH provides minimal funding for discovery research THE SOLUTION IS YOU! There are still many antibiotics to discover in environmental bacteria! Students from around the world engage in original research, contribute to a world-wide database, learn how to present and communicate science, and potentially discover a new antibiotic in the process. Some students will re-discover known compounds, but… o If we apply a “crowdsourcing” approach to discovery, we can minimize the antibiotic crisis — power in numbers. SOIL CONTAINS ~1011 BACTERIA PER GRAM LAB 1: THE UBIQUITY OF MICROORGANISMS LAB REPORT 1: WILL BE BASED ON EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED TODAY WHAT IS NUTRIENT AGAR AND HOW DOES IT FEEL?  WHAT IS A BACTERIAL COLONY? **Take notes for your Lab Report 1 ALWAYS LABEL YOUR PLATES WITH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION Label with Initials Today’s date Your section Media type The name of your sample FINISHING YOUR EXPERIMENTS AND DOCUMENTING FINDINGS Always store your agar plates upside down (lid on the bottom) Document findings, take images, add to OneNote When using the incubator, plates should always be checked within 48hrs (unless a Thursday lab) Thursday labs will incubate their plates in the backshelf and must check on them and document on Mondays. After documenting, always place the plates on metal shelves (if not already there) for storage until next lab Each image should be labeled in your lab report with Figure #, Title, short description THE UBIQUITY OF MICROORGANISMS UBIQUITY CAN BE DEFINED AS THE CAPACITY OF BEING EVERYWHERE EXPERIMENT 1A – THE EFFICIENCY OF HANDWASHING Experiment will be done in groups of 2 students. 1. Divide agar plate in 6 quadrants (like a pizza) 2. Follow instructions on Lab 1 Handout 3. Order of experiment: 1. Unwashed 2. Water washed 3. Soap washed EXPERIMENT 1B – THE UBIQUITY OF MICROORGANISMS Experiment will be done in groups of 2 students. 1. Divide agar plate in half. 2. Decide on a place to sample to cultivate microorganisms present 3. Follow instructions on Lab 1 Handout 4. Swab the area and spread it on top of the agar. Make sure to open the plate as a clam to avoid contaminating the plate. FOR NEXT WEEK (LAB 2) Take with you a Soil Collection Kit Collect your own soil! Complete information of the collection kit document Must be in North Carolina Should not trespass to collect soil (ask for permission if necessary) Soil types: Dark soil is richer and contains high amounts of culturable bacteria. Gardens and farms are great places to collect soil Construction sites may have soil from meters underground Marshlands may give different bacteria than dryer sampling sites Sand does not have as many bacteria.  LAB 1 QUIZ On blackboard Due on Saturday by 11:59 PM