BIO 220 Lab Exam 1 Study Outline Fall 2024 PDF

BIO 220 Lab Exam 1 Covers Lab Exercises 1-7 Study Outline *Study the questions at the end of each set of exercises and the self-quizzes contained in these exercises! Also, study the following topics:...

BIO 220 Lab Exam 1 Covers Lab Exercises 1-7 Study Outline *Study the questions at the end of each set of exercises and the self-quizzes contained in these exercises! Also, study the following topics: Lab Safety and Lab Techniques, Safety Section and Labs 2 & 7 Review the Lab Safety quiz. (p. 1-4) – you may have question(s) from this quiz. Lab techniques:  lighting the Bunsen burner flame properly and shutting off the gas properly when finished,  recognizing proper vs. improper flame,  flaming an inoculating loop and proper cooling,  uncapping and recapping screwcap and Kimcap (white capped) tubes,  flaming the mouths of tubes properly,  making a smear and heat fixing a slide properly,  handling test tubes, plates, and slides carefully and without dropping them,  working with a plate culture properly (on the bench, using cover as dust shield),  inoculating broths, slants, and plates properly. Microscopy – Lab 1 Microscope parts: labeling of the parts of the microscope, knowing the functions of the parts of the microscope Microscopy terms: parfocal, resolution, reason why we use oil with the oil immersion lens (same index of refraction as glass so that we don’t lose light due to different angle of refraction in the air) Calculation of total magnification  Aseptic Technique, Labs 2-7 Aseptic technique – know how to:  Transfer from: transfer of a culture from slant, broth, or plate colony. (Lab 2, Lab 7)  Transfer to: Inoculation of a slant, broth, or plate. (Lab 2, Lab 7)  Make slides: wet mount (Lab 3) and heat-fixed smear (Lab 4) Know possible sources of contamination to microbial cultures and media – usually leaving caps and petri dish lid off, holding tube vertically instead of at 45° angle. Growth, Lab 2 and Lab 7 Know the characteristics of growth in a broth (section D p. 1-15) Know how to do a proper 4-quadrant streak plate (Lab 7) Know that you can separate out a mixed culture using this streak plate method. (Lab 7) Know that you can obtain pure colonies using this streak plate method. (Lab 7) Clinical Specimens, Reference Guide 2.1.1 Know the proper parameters for collecting and transporting clinical specimens (review Quiz on p. 2-12 – you may have question(s) from this quiz). Slides – Labs 3 & 4 Clinical use for making a wet mount (what infections are diagnosed using this method?) (p. 2-2, bottom of p. 2-10)  Trichomonas, Ova and Parasites from stool specimen. Recognize and name the 3 bacterial shapes using laboratory/scientific terms – cocci (coccus), bacilli (bacillus), spirilli (spirillum) (Lab 4) Recognize the shapes of microbes by their scientific names (most of the ones we have worked with so far are obvious because the scientific name for the shape is in the scientific name itself, except E. coli = bacillus/rod shape) (Lab 4) Know how to make a heat-fixed smear and why we do it (Lab 4) – we do it is so that specimen stays fixed (stuck) onto the slide during the staining process and are not washed off down the sink.  Staining – Simple, Lab 4 Know how to do a simple stain and know what type of stain is used for it - (basic = positive charge), we used methylene blue. Staining – Gram, Lab 5 Know how to do a Gram stain Know what dyes, etc. are used Know how Gram staining works – stain Gram + with crystal violet primary stain, set the stain with a mordant, and Gram + remain purple throughout the process. Gram – lose primary stain because mordant has no effect on them, the get decolorized by the alcohol, and they take up the counterstain, which is red safranin. Know what a mordant is – in this case iodine, which sets the stain (for the Gram + bacteria). Know why you would want to do Gram staining – to find out in less than 5 min. what type of bacteria it is (Gram + or Gram -). Know why young cultures (