Sociology Chapter no 4.pptx

SOCIOLOGY SOCIALIZATION SOCIALIZATION – A DEFINITION  Socialization – the process by which an individual learns how to interact with others and becomes a member of society  Socialization is a complex, lifelong process  We are all products of our social experience WHAT DOES SOCIALIZATION TEA...

SOCIOLOGY SOCIALIZATION SOCIALIZATION – A DEFINITION  Socialization – the process by which an individual learns how to interact with others and becomes a member of society  Socialization is a complex, lifelong process  We are all products of our social experience WHAT DOES SOCIALIZATION TEACH US?  Language  Culture (norms, values, beliefs, etc.)  Understanding of others  Understanding of ourselves as a social  being or a “social self”  Emergence of the “social self DEFINITION OF THE SELF  Self – the dimension of personality  composed of an individual’s self-awareness  and self-image  The Self is inseparable from social  experience THEORIES ON SOCIALIZATION  George Herbert Mead – the development of the “Social Self”  Charles Horton Cooley – the development of the “Looking Glass Self GEORGE HERBERT MEAD  Argued that “the Social Self” developed out of social interactions with others  Social interaction involves seeing ourselves as others see us or taking the role of the other  Taking the role of the other involves a constant interplay between the “I” and the “me”. CONT…..  3 Components of the Social Self:  The “I”- the subjective element of the self;  involves the direct experiences of the self;  develops without language  The “Me”- the objective element of the self;  involves how we look at others and see ourselves;  develops with language  The “Mind”- taking the roles of others; the  interplay between I and Me  Taking the Role of the Other  Significant other – when children take the perspective of those who are most important in their lives; performed through the use of language and symbols in imitation, modeling or simple role playing after parents  Generalized other – when children take the roles of several others at once; performed through the participation of children in complex games or sports activities; children learn the shared expectations of an entire social group or society as a reference point for evaluating themselves CHARLES HORTON COOLEY  “The Looking Glass Self” – pertains to the self-image that we have based on how we suppose others perceive us; we imagine ourselves in the same way that others see us; others represent a “mirror” in which we can see ourselves TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION  Primary socialization – socialization that occurs without the subject’s knowledge of it  Secondary socialization – socialization that is purposeful and obvious  Anticipatory socialization – socialization that prepares people for future roles and statuses TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION( CONT.)  Reciprocal socialization – when children socialize parents like parents socialize children  Resocialization – the process of unlearning old norms, roles, and values, and learning new ones required in a new social environment TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION (CONT.)  Total institution – a place where people are  isolated from the rest of society for a set  period of time and their lives are almost  completely controlled by officials who run  the institution  Resocialization occurs in total institutions  Examples include prisons, asylums and the  military AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION  Agent of socialization – an institution or group that prepares an individual for social life and society THE FAMILY  The most important agent of socialization, because it stands at the center of children’s lives  Provides for basic needs, and teaches children skills, cultural values, and attitudes about themselves and others  Passes on to children a social position (places them in society in terms of race, ethnicity, religion and class)  Socializes children into gender roles THE SCHOOL  Schooling enlarges children’s social world to include people with social backgrounds different from their own  Formal schooling teaches children a wide range of knowledge and skills  School is the child’s first experience with bureaucracy  Socializes children into gender roles THE PEER GROUP  Provides young people the experience in developing social relationships on their own and establishing an identity apart from their family  Provides the opportunity to discuss interests not shared by adults  Provides a sense of belonging that eases the anxiety of breaking away from the family THE MEDIA  Spreads information on a mass scale, and functions to connect people  Influences our attitudes and behavior through the images and messages it conveys  Mirrors our society’s patterns of inequality and rarely challenges the status quo  Reflects the values of the dominant culture Any questions? Thank you