Socio Final Exam - November 2024

Final Thursday, November 28, 2024 10:07 AM 4 or 5 short answer question options, only have to answer 3 or 4. Use only one page per question labeling the page for each.   Example: In class, we talked about culture, and in our discussion, we discussed cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. Brief...

Final Thursday, November 28, 2024 10:07 AM 4 or 5 short answer question options, only have to answer 3 or 4. Use only one page per question labeling the page for each.   Example: In class, we talked about culture, and in our discussion, we discussed cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. Briefly explain cultural relativism and ethnocentrism and give 1 example of cultural relativism excusing bad stuff and the same for ethnocentrism.   Culture: Material and non-material culture Norms - mores and folkways Subculture and counterculture Ethnocentrism and culture relativism   Socialization Agencies of socialization- families, schools (learn behaviours and categorization), peer groups (friends and stuff we learn from), mass media (clients of media are advertisers, the viewer is being sold, physical effect as it motivates senditarianism, media also reflects social values).   Society, social structure, and interactions There are hierarchies everywhere and a bunch of different social constructs that are \"real\". Status is the main form of hierarchy and has symbols like wealth and possessions. Institutions are blueprints for the way society works. For a society to survive it needs to replace members, teach members, and produce/distribute goods and needs. Social institutions could be a family which we have standards for in which case a heteronormative nuclear family is the blueprint. School and media are the blueprints of teaching. Capitalist economies are the blueprint for goods distribution. Social interactions: Dramaturgy: front stage/backstage behaviour where you change how you act in different environments. Emotion: can\'t describe with language. Nonverbal communication: tone and facial expression Personal space: levels of personal space- intimate, personal, social, and public. Depends on the context of what the personal boundaries may be.     Groups and organization: Milgrim shock experiment - authority can make us do things we don't want to Formal organization- normative, coercive, and utilitarian. Ideal characterization of beauracracy- allows cooperation with people we never met. (division of labour, rules and regulation, inpersonalization, and hierarchy) Government structure/ welfare state (conservative, social democratic, and liberal) Government spending: from a sociological perspective spending its not all waste or similar to household spending, it is more circulation.   Social stratification and class: Hierarchical organization based on the availability to different resources There are layers within our society. Mobility is easier going down than up the hierarchy Open and close systems of stratification (ability to have social mobility within a society) - not one way or the other Alienation- when a person who makes goods is unable to afford it   Sex and Gender: Basically the entire section Sex is the physical structure gender is the social norms we attach We use a binary system in our society. Gender and power: most important people are considered to be men Gender and work: division of labour in the home and expectation of woman within a household. People are trained to follow it. Gender wage gap: depends on the job and stuff and isn\'t the best measure of gender inequality University enrollment: quantitative and we use it but it doesn't always present the truth There are immeasurable levels of gender inequality that can not be quantitatively presented SA laws are in the labour code in Canada because women entering the workplace motivated the change Porn: sexual images that violate decency and have no redeeming qualities/erotic depictions of people doing sexual acts.   Global Stratification: Grand plan/ empire theory - how we got to US hegemony Rich/ poor countries Issues with foreign aid/ filter affect (strings attached) Levels of development approach Three worlds approach World systems theory (core/ periphery)   Race/ ethnicity: Racial identity has a personal and perceived one. Personal prejudice v. systemic racism Ethnicity is the personal, race is the material Patterns of interaction: pluralism, assimilation, genocide, segregation (no one society is one or the other) Myth of race (of indigenous people): technological inferior, nomadic, get over it, type stuff.   Health: It is difficult to define health Health: a lack of difference between a person\'s state and some defined ideal state. Powerful groups have a capability to define the ideal state. Ideally this would be medical proffessionals and they advise behaviour to maintain heath. This also effect mental health.