Social Relationships Among Adults PDF

SOCIAL RELATIONSHI PS AMONG ADULTS GENES, CULTURE, AND GENDER. But first, what is CULTURE? NATURAL SELECTION states that a certain predisposed traits that increased the odds of survival and reproduction are passed onto future...

SOCIAL RELATIONSHI PS AMONG ADULTS GENES, CULTURE, AND GENDER. But first, what is CULTURE? NATURAL SELECTION states that a certain predisposed traits that increased the odds of survival and reproduction are passed onto future generations. CULTURE is the enduring behavior, ideas, and traditions shared by a large group of people that is passed from one generation to the next. GENDER is the biological or socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female. he differences between male and female to b considered are:  Independence vs. Connectedness Women gives more priority to close, intimate relationships than men. Friendship in women is more understanding, intimate, and nurturing. They are also generally better at reading emotions compared to men. They are skilled at expressing emotions nonverbally.  Social Dominance Men are found to be more dominant, driven, and aggressive. In terms of leadership, men more often prioritize winning, getting ahead, and dominating others, while women excel in transformational leadership that builds team spirit.  Aggression According to research, men engage in more direct and physical aggression, and women engage in more indirect and relational aggression. However, psychological and behavioral studies offer inconsistent support for this theory due to personal or social factors. he differences between male and female to b considered are:  Sexuality Sexual and intimate relationships are “shaped by traditional stereotypes about sex and gender”. In these stereotypes, maleness and masculinity is associated with assertiveness, aggressiveness, sexual adventurism, and emotional restraint, while femininity is associated with docility, passivity, sexual modesty, and emotional intimacy. Gender roles are a set of behavior expectations for males and females shaped by culture. CONFORMITY AND OBEDIENCE Conformity is change in behavior as a result of group pressure that is either real or imagined. These are its 3 varieties: Compliance: outward conforming to an explicit or implied request while privately disagreeing Obedience: acting to follow a direct order or command Acceptance: sincere, inward conformity to an CONFORMITY AND OBEDIENCE 3 classic sets of experiments illustrating conformity: 1. Muzafer Sherif – How other people’s judgements influenced their own. 2. Solomon Asch – People can conform in response to minimal pressure. 3. Stanley Milgram – What would happen when authority clashes with conscience. CONFORMITY AND OBEDIENCE 2 Reasons why people conform: Normative Influence results from our desire for acceptance or to be like. Informational Influence stems from our desire to be right, and results from other people providing evidence about a given reality. PERSUASION The purpose of persuasion is to convey a message or content that elicits good (education) or bad (propaganda) judgements. Education is more factually based and less cohesive. There are 2 paths that lead to persuasion: Central route occurs when people are interested enough to focus on the arguments then respond favorably if these are strong and compelling. Peripheral route occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues or cues that lead to automatic acceptance without much thinking, such as advertising.  PERSUASION 4 Elements of effective persuasion:  Communicator – someone perceived as both expert, credible, and trustworthy.  Message – more persuasive when it appeals to reason or emotion of the audience.  Channel – Way the message is delivered.  Audience – makes a difference.  GROUP INFLUENCE  GROUP INFLUENCE A group is defined as two or more people who interact and influence each other, and perceive each other as ‘us’. 3 examples of collective influence: Social Facilitation – strengthening of dominant responses in the presence of others. Social Loafing – tendency to exert less effort when you know there are other people working toward the same goal Deindividualization – the phenomenon of abandoning normal restraints or forgetting their individual identities as a response to group or crowd norms Group Polarization is a phenomenon where people often associate with those whose attitude are similar to their own.  SUMMARY Culture is an enduring way of life that is passed from generation to generation. Norms are standards for socially acceptable behavior. Gender Roles define behavior resulting from real or imagined group pressure, its varieties including compliance, obedience, and acceptance. People conform because of normative influence as well as informational influence. Persuasion+999999999 is used to  SUMMARY A group consist of 2 or ore people who interact and influence each other. Groupthink is the tendency of influential groups to suppress dissent to maintain unanimity. Leadership is how  A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS WELL 1996 2010 2016 2021 VENUS MERCURY MARS JUPITER Venus is the Mercury is the Despite being Jupiter is the second planet closest planet to red, Mars is biggest planet from the Sun the Sun actually a cold of them all place  A TIMELINE 1996 2016 VENUS MARS Venus has a toxic Despite being atmosphere red, Mars is a cold place 2010 2021 MERCURY JUPITER It’s the closest It’s the biggest planet to the Sun planet of them all  THANKS! Do you have any questions? 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