Social Organizations UCSP Notes PDF

Organization in Society 1 LEARNING TARGETS At the end of this unit, the learners should be able to do the following: Describe the organized nature of social life and rules governing behavior. Compare different social forms of social organization according to their m...

Organization in Society 1 LEARNING TARGETS At the end of this unit, the learners should be able to do the following: Describe the organized nature of social life and rules governing behavior. Compare different social forms of social organization according to their manifest and latent functions. 2 VALUES AND ATTITUDES In this unit, the learners should be able to do the following: Practice self-reflection and self-evaluation. Develop courage in asking questions about themselves. Uphold democratic principles and practices. 3 Social Organizations: In-Groups and Out-Groups 4 Group Classification In-Group Out-Group A social group that a person A social group a person identifies with and feels like does not identify with and he or she belongs to. does not belong to the in-group. 5 In-Group In-group members are loyal to each other and believe they are superior than out-group members. 6 In-Group In-group members are loyal to each other and believe they are superior than out-group members. “What do you think is the implication of their negative belief of out-group members?” 7 In-Group Favoritism People tend to favor the members of the group they identify with and probably have stereotypes and prejudices about nonmembers. 8 In-Group Favoritism “How do you think this picture represents the concept of in-group favoritism?” 9  Divided We Fall What are the stereotypes and prejudices that an outsider may have against a social group? How do these affect society?  ACTIVITY Instructions: We will create a list of these groups on the board. a. Call a volunteer to mention some stereotypes or prejudices that non members have against the members of the social group. b. As a class, we will evaluate how these stereotypes and prejudices would positively or negatively affect society. 11 A stereotype is an oversimplified, generalized belief or assumption about a particular group of people. These beliefs may or may not be accurate, but they often ignore individual differences and unique qualities. Example: ○ Stereotype about a specific ethnic group: "People from [X country] are great at math." While this may sound positive, it unfairly generalizes an entire group and overlooks the individual variations in their skills and interests. A prejudice is a preconceived opinion or attitude, often negative, toward a person or group based on their membership in a particular social group. Prejudices are usually formed without proper knowledge, reason, or experience, and they often lead to discriminatory behavior. Example: ○ Prejudice against a gender: Assuming that women are not capable of leading large organizations, leading to fewer opportunities for women in leadership roles. 12  Divided We Fall How do in-group members perceive themselves compared to out-group members? What is the relevance of power in understanding the relationship among social groups' subcategories? How can the existence of in-groups and out-groups cause societal issues? Power When a large in-group has power, it has the ability to influence how society views out-group members. 14 Intergroup Aggression When a powerful group does acts that intend to harm out-group members, it results in intergroup aggression. 15 Intergroup Aggression Intergroup aggression can be defined as any behavior intended to harm another person who is an outgroup member and who views the behavior as undesirable. 16 CONTEMPORARY EXPERIENCE May 2022 Philippine National Elections 17 Social Organizations: Reference  Role Models How does the social Social How do I view myself in group serve as my Group reference to the group? guide?  Role Models How does the social Social How do I view myself in group serve as my Group reference to the group? guide? I view myself as someone who I measure my success by lives up to the family’s what other family Family expectations because my members have achievements are at par with achieved. other members.  Role Models What is the importance of having a reference group? What does the concept of a reference group reveal about how other people’s behavior influences us? How can reference groups shape one’s personal and social identity? Social Comparison Theory Humans are naturally motivated to have an accurate evaluation of themselves. Without an objective means to do this, they use their groups as reference. 22 Reference Group - a group to which one compares himself or herself to evaluate one's attitude, beliefs, and behaviors. The term reference group came from Herbert Hyman. The reference group’s set of norms serves as one’s standard in evaluating his or her attitude, beliefs, and behavior. 23 Reference Group One can change his or her reference group depending on the stage of one’s life. 24 Anticipatory Socialization Out-groups can also be used as a reference by someone who wishes to be part of the group. This is called anticipatory socialization. 25 Types of Reference Groups positive reference negative reference groups whose norms groups whose norms are are followed by avoided by individuals individuals because because they do not want they want to be a part to be identified with them of the group 26 LET’S PUT IT THIS WAY How can a social group in position of power encourage a negative belief, behavior, or attitude toward another group in society? 27 Social Organizations: Network 28 Network A structure of social actors connected by relatively weak social ties. 29 Network Networks can vary in terms of size, form, and relationship. A group of immediate and distant relatives can be considered a network. 30 The Concept of Common Good Not all networks are tied to a geographical location. With the invention of the internet, users can form connections with social actors from around the world. 31 Importance of Networks Being part of a network comes with expected cultural and economic benefits or social capital. 32 My Social Network ME Questions: How are networks different from social groups? What can be the benefits of being part of a network? How does the existence of social media contribute to the development of social networks? 34 PERSPECTIVE-AT-WORK Charles Horton Cooley’s looking-glass self theory and its implication on how we project ourselves on social media. 35 Looking-Glass Process: How they think they appear: "People see me as attractive and successful." Perceived judgment: "I get a lot of likes and positive comments, so people must admire me." Self-concept: "I am likable and successful." 36 37 38 39 40 Stoplight STOP CONTINUE START 41