Social Midterm Study - Federal Political System PDF

Social Midterm Study **Federal Political System** Government: +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Canada's head of | The monarch in | Appointed | | state | England | | |...

Social Midterm Study **Federal Political System** Government: +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Canada's head of | The monarch in | Appointed | | state | England | | | | | | | | Currently: King | | | | Charles | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Represents the head | The Governor General. | Appointed | | of state in Canada's | | | | government | Currently: Mary Simon | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | The head of Canada's | The Prime Minister. | Elected | | government | | | | | Currently: Justin | | | | Trudeau | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Works with the head | The Cabinet. | Elected as MP, then | | of government to run | | appointed to the | | the country | Current \# of | Cabinet | | | members: 38 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Makes up the Upper | The Senate. | Appointed | | House of parliament | | | | (105 of them) | Current \# of | | | | members: 105 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Makes up the Lower | The House of Commons. | Elected | | House of parliament | | | | | Current \# of | | | | members: 338 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Questions the | The Opposition | Elected | | government and are | | | | members of the party | The current party | | | that is not in power | that plays the role | | | | of the OFFICIAL | | | | opposition: | | | | Conservative | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ British monarch Governer General Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Prime Minister (House of Commons Supreme Court Cabinet Seante) Provincial Courts (Parlement) **Exacutive branch** (Prime minister and Cabinet) Prime Minister: The head of Canadas Government - Runs the day-to-day business of running the country - Leader of the liberal party - Justin Trudue How to become an PM: - Your party must elect you as their leader - You must be elected as a member of parlement in the riding that you represent - Your party must win the most seats in the House of Commons - Then and only then can you become the Prime Minister The Cabinet: - Members are appointed by the PM from the members of his part who are MP's or senators - Cabinet ministers have two jobs, represent the people who live in their riding and to be a cabinet minister and help the prime minister urn the country - Each cabinet minister has a portfolio, which is the government department the minister will run - The cabinet and the prime minister make up the executive branch Responsibilities: - Run departments like, indigenous services, housing and infascuture, health, etc. - Introduce bills **Legislative branch** Parliament (house of commons and Senate) Powers: - Create, change and repeal laws and regulation Members: - Parliament - Senators - Members of the house of commons (MP) MP's: - Belong to the house of commons - MPs represent the voters of a riding - District sizes are determined by population - They are elected - Influence legislation through debates - Vote on bills in house of commons - Can introduce their own legislation calls "private member bills" **Majority and minority government** Majority gov't: A political party wins a majority of the seat in the house of commons (more than 51%) Minority gov't: a political party wins the most seats in the house of commons but not the majority; to pass a bill they have to alliance with another party The official opposition: the party with the next greatest number of seats that is meant to create a debate **Senators** - Canada has 105 members - Appointed by the governor general - Can serve until age of 75 - The Senate is in the upper house - Scrutinize legislation, suggest improvements and fix mistakes - A bill must pass the senate before becoming a law **Judicial Branch** (supreme court and provincial court) What is the judicial branch - Canadians\' courts of law - The supreme court has the final word on all legal questions - Supreme court is highest court in Canada - Interprets and applies all laws in Canada Powers: - Interprete the laws - Decide who has broken the laws - Assigns penalties Members: - Courts: Supreme, provincial - Judges Supreme court judges - Nine judges from four regions of Canada - PM and Cabinet nominate judges - PM selects best three among judges Lobby groups: groups that have similar interest and are trying to reach a common goal - They meet with officials to attempt to influence them on the issue that are important to the companies or organizations that employ them Media: The various public ways that we share the news around the world - Connecting the world with government happening and varying perspectives on issues as they give the public a chance to share their opinion. **Economics** Economics: the science that investigates the problem arising from the scarcity of resources and goods that can be used to satisfy human wants. Scarcity: the basic factor which creates the need for an economic system - Peoples wants by far exceed what is availbible in land, labor and capital - Governments attempt to balance the limited resources versus the unlimited wants **What creates scarcity?** Factors of production: Land: consists of the Materiels found in the natural environment including renewable and nonrenewable products Labour: consists of the physical and mental effort needed to produce goods and services Capital: money that people own or borrow used to purchase equipment Foundations of economic: How to address scarcity - What is needed or wanted - How will it get produces - Who will get it Economic systems: Centrally planned economy-mixed economy-free market economy \no government control Ownership: Publicly owned: the part of an economy owned and controlled by the government and paid for by the taxpayers Privately owned: the part of the economy owned and controlled by businesses and individuals **Types of economy** Planned/command economy Far left on the spectrum - Government takes all control - Owned and manages the resources needed to produce things Market economy Far right on the spectrum - The choices of the individuals solve scarcity - Private business owns and manage resources Mixed economy: Middle of the spectrum - Combines private ownership and government control - Government control fluctuates depending what pollical part is in power Crown cooperation: A company owned by Canadas government to provide products and services to Canadians Reasons for Crown cooperation - Provide essential services - To promote economic development - To support Canadian culture