Social Studies Lesson 1-3 PDF

Okay, I will convert the images you sent into a structured markdown format. ### **LESSON 1** ### **Early Villages** **THINK!** * Where did people live during the early ages? * How did they communicate? Nomads couldn't just keep on moving from one place to another. Gradually, they started sett...

Okay, I will convert the images you sent into a structured markdown format. ### **LESSON 1** ### **Early Villages** **THINK!** * Where did people live during the early ages? * How did they communicate? Nomads couldn't just keep on moving from one place to another. Gradually, they started settling down and looking for ways to provide their families and cattle with food. They discovered the planting of crops such as barley and wheat. This led to farming. Each tribe had its own rules for inheritance. The earliest way to count was tally sticks. People started living in groups called tribes. Smaller groups joined bigger groups who had common traditions, language, and culture. They also unified politically. People in their groups had to come up with their own rules and select leaders who could apply the laws they made. Many people started building shelters using logs and stones. The first and largest real village was the village of Jericho. It was located along the Jordan River in modern Palestine. Jericho was full of clay houses. To protect themselves against fierce animals and enemies, people surrounded their village with high walls. By the time Jericho village was established, people invented clay tokens in different shapes to be used like money. Each shape had a different meaning.  Another village where people settled and stayed was the city of Catal Huyuk in Turkey. Catal Huyuk was bigger than Jericho. People there discovered the art of pottery. They lived in mud-brick houses. They could enter them through wooden ladders that reached up to high windows in the roofs. **LESSON REVIEW** 1. State whether each of the following sentences is "True" or "False". * People lived in groups called tribes and started building shelters. **True** * People settled down and discovered planting and farming. **True** * People invented clay tokens before using tally sticks. **False** * People in Jericho invented the art of pottery. **True** * People of Catal Huyuk lived in mud-brick houses. **True** * Catal Huyuk is the oldest village. **False** * All people had to choose leaders in the same way. **False** * The first and largest real village located along the Jordan River was the village of Jericho. **True** 2. How is each of these inventions related to our present life? Match. * tally marks - numbers * clay tokens - money * mud-brick houses - buildings * wooden ladders - elevators ### **LESSON 3** ### **Civilization Starts** **THINK!** How do you think people developed the way they lived in the early ages? The increase in population has led to the expansion of villages and the creation of cities. These cities are known today as the first civilizations. A civilization is a group of people who gathered to form cities with their own cultural, social, and technological development. People started going on long trips to trade or exchange the products they had made for other new products. They used to travel in caravans. Caravans are groups of traders gathered to cross desert regions together. As cities started growing, people started having different jobs too. They became specialized in specific things. Some made tools, and others were responsible for making pottery or even hunting. At first, carts dragged by donkeys were used for these long journeys. Later, camels replaced donkeys since they could survive the heat and store enough water in their bodies for such long trips. They were the best means of transportation. Traveling in groups in the desert helped travelers defend themselves better against thieves. One of the earliest and most famous civilizations appeared in Africa near the Nile River. The Nile River provided people who lived on its shores with fertile soil fresh water, and food. The first people who settled in the area named their land Kemet. Kemet referred to the black land since the land was full of black fertile soil. Hieroglyphs were the first written language used by the Egyptians. Hieroglyphs are composed of figurative and abstract drawings found on cave walls to communicate with others. This system of written language later developed into letters and words. **LESSON REVIEW** 1. Why did people start having jobs when cities started growing? * Because as cities grew the demand for specialized skills and services increased. 2. What is civilization? * A group of people who have gathered with their own cultural, social, and technological development. 3. Why did people start trading their products and goods for other products? * To satisfy their need and to become specialized in producing certain goods 4. Why did people in the past travel in caravans? * For safety to better defend themselves against thieves. 5. What was the best means of transportation used at the time? Why? * Camels because they can resist heat and store water for long trips. 6. What did Kemet refer to? * To black land ### **How Does It Look Today?** **THINK!** What do you think Mesopotamia is called nowadays? Mesopotamia is located in the region known today as the Middle East. It includes parts of southwest Asia and lands around the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The Middle East refers to the area where Africa, Asia, and Europe meet. Still, most of the countries of the Middle East are in Asia. Different sea bodies surround the continent of Asia. Some of these water bodies are oceans, while others are seas. To the East of Asia, one can find the Pacific Ocean, while to the South, it is bordered by the Indian Ocean. Two other water bodies appear to the southwest of Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. The Black Sea is an inland sea with an oval shape. It extends to the Mediterranean Sea. Many major rivers lie in the Middle East such as the Nile Delta, the Tigris, and the Euphrates. They are a major support for agriculture in the area. Two straits separate Asia from Europe. A **strait** is a natural narrow channel of water that connects two large water bodies together. Both straits, the ***Dardanelles*** and the ***Bosporus***, are in Turkey. They represent international trade routes for ships. The strait of Hurmuz is also one of the most important worldwide straits that connects the Arabian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman. Africa and Asia are connected by the Mediterranean Sea at the Gulf of Suez in Egypt. A gulf is a large sea area enclosed partially by land. **LESSON REVIEW** 1. In which region is Mesopotamia located today? 2. What are the three continents that the Middle East region covers? 3. Can you name two bodies of water that appear in the southwest of Asia? 4. Can you name a famous desert in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? 5. Can you name the straits that separate Asia from Europe? 6. Can you name the gulf that connects Asia and Africa to the Mediterranean Sea?