SLP Test Prep Review PDF

c. Isolation 1. Kimberly's baby was born with a cleft palate. You let her d. Conversation know that her baby may have hearing problems. These hearing problems are most likely caused...

c. Isolation 1. Kimberly's baby was born with a cleft palate. You let her d. Conversation know that her baby may have hearing problems. These hearing problems are most likely caused by... Answer: a. Malfunctioning Ossicles b. Hearing Loss c. Deformed Cochlea d. Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Answer: The eustachian tube is responsible for draining fluid from the ear. Because the muscles and tendons in children with cleft palate are positioned abnormally, this tube often cannot drain the ear as effectively as in children without a cleft palate. Fluid collecting inside the ear can affect hearing and may lead to a higher risk of middle ear infection. TIP: Can be remembered by COCA-COLA in your COCHLEA 2. TRUE or FALSE: These are 4 bones of the middle ear 5. What is the smallest unit of sound that can a. True change word meanings? b. False a. Phonetics b. Allophones Answer: The middle ear has 3 BONES also known as c. Lexemes the ossicles. They can be remembered by the d. Phonemes acronym MISO Answer: Phonemes are the smallest units of speech Malleus / Incus / Stapes = Ossicles that can be used to distinguish one word from another. For example, the letter t can be used to 3. The part of the ear that contains fluid that moves in distinguish the words "cat" and "cab" or the vowels in response to vibrations from the oval window is called the words "bit" and "beat." Phonetics- classification of the… speech sounds. Allophones -1 or 2 variants of the a. Auricle same phoneme. Lexemes - The lexeme "play," for b. Cochlea example, can take many forms, such as playing, c. Stapes plays, played. Lexicon is made up of lexemes. d. Malleus 6. Joshua is washing the dishes and includes Answer: The cochlea is filled with fluid. The fluid is his child in the activity. He hands the child a called perilymph, and it is similar to cerebrospinal fork to dry off. As the child is drying the fork fluid. There are three parts of the cochlea: the scala Joshua states, "You are drying a fork." What vestibuli, the scala tympani, and the scala media. The type of language technique is Joshua using? scala media contains a different kind of fluid, called a. Expansion endolymph. b. Think Aloud c. Imitation TIP: Can be remembered by COCA-COLA in your d. Parallel Talk COCHLEA Answer: Parallel talk is when you use language that is 4. You just received a new client who is working on the /s/ easy for a child to understand to describe what they sound. The Process of Articulation Therapy goes are doing. You can talk about what they are touching, through the steps of teaching the target sound. Put the seeing, feeling, smelling, and hearing. This is a great steps in order from easiest to hardest. way to communicate with your child in a way that a. Words doesn't require the child to formulate a response. b. Sentences S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7  7. An SLP is currently treating a patient with Criterion-Referenced Assessment- Compares dysphagia. The patient tells the SLP that he examinees to a standard rather than other examinees no longer wants to continue services. The SLP explains all the benefits of continuing Authentic Assessment- Samples speech and with dysphagia therapy. After hearing all of language in an everyday setting - Authentic its benefits, the patient sticks with their Assessment original decision. Did the SLP act ethically in this scenario? Client-Specific Assessment- Generates data that is a. Yes, the SLP acted ethically helpful in creating client-specific treatment b. No, the SLP did not act ethically 10. An SLP is testing a new treatment for Answer: In order for the SLP to have acted ethically, dysphagia. She notices great gains in she should have provided the patient with all the swallowing with her initial patient and now benefits AND RISKS. This is known as informed wants to try this new treatment with another consent. Under informed consent, the SLP must patient to see if they can have those same provide a thorough explanation of the expected great gains. The SLP is trying to form: effects of treatment, including benefits and possible a. Generalized production negative effects. b. Generality of treatment c. Criteria 8. What syndrome is characterized by d. Functional Outcomes hypotonia, extreme appetite, poor growth, and delayed development? Answer: Generalitv of treatment is evidence that a a. Down Syndrome treatment is effective for one client and one clinician b. Velocardiofacial Syndrome also supports that the treatment is likely to be c. Treacher Collins Syndrome effective for other clients and other clinicians. d. Prader-Willi Syndrome Generality of treatment is important when recommending this treatment to others. Answer: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused when a person's genes in a specific area on 11. How many principles of ethics does ASHA chromosome 15 are not active. Normally, people have have? one copy of chromosome 15 from each parent. Some a. 3 genes on chromosome 15 are only active (or b. 4 "expressed") on the copy that is inherited from a c. 5 person's father (the paternal copy). Prader-Willi d. 6 syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects muscle tone, feeding, growth, and development. People with Answer: ASHA-4 letters = 4 Principles of Ethics this disorder often have a very strong appetite which can lead to obesity. 12. In terms of research, internal validity refers to… 9. A dynamic assessment is one that: a. the biological changes in the a. Samples speech and language in participants over time an everyday setting b. if data reflects a true cause-effect b. Has a test-learn-retest format relationship c. Compares examinees to a standard c. Generalizability of the research rather than other examinees findings d. Generates data that is helpful in d. whether a studies results were creating client-specific treatment impacted by the participant's knowledge Answer: A Dynamic Assessment is a way of assessing someone's ability to learn. In this type of Answer: Internal validity is the extent to which you can assessment, the person is given instruction and then be sure that any changes you see in an experiment tested on their ability to learn and remember what are caused by your treatment and not by other they were taught. Test-Teach-Retest format. factors. In other words, can you say that the change S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7 in someone's response was because of what you did robotic-like, producing each syllable one at a time and not something else? and with equal stress 13. Toby comes into the office complaining of aprosodic (i.e., decreased intonation patterns, difficulty moving his tongue. decreased monotone) intelligibility and swallowing difficulty. What cranial nerve could be damaged? dysprosodic (i.e., using prosody that doesnt match a. CN XI the expected intonation pattern) b. CN IX c. CN X slow and choppy d. CN XII too fast Answer: "Hypo" means below, and "glossal" means relating to the tongue. CN XII supplies the intrinsic Apraxia of Speech - Articulation muscles of the tongue & all extrinsic muscles except for the palatoglossus muscle. An inconsistency of errors; like making different mistakes when pronouncing the same word several 14. During a VFSS, you notice your patient is times drooling and pudding falls from her lips while she is eating. This symptom is called? Abnormal movement of the mouth or jaw when a. Reduced lip strength trying to speak b. Anterior spillage c. Premature spillage 17. The clinical interview with a family member is d. Reduced Lateral Mandibular not used to: movement a. Obtain data or information b. Provide support and build rapport Answer: Anterior spillage is when you drool or c. Inform clients or families food/liquid comes out of your mouth onto your lips. It's d. Identify if the family member has different from premature spillage, which happens the same speech/lan-guage when liquid or food falls to the back of your throat disorder before you're ready to swallow it. Answer: the clinician is not able to diagnose that a 15. Broca's area and Wernicke's area are family member being interviewed has the same connected through the: disorder as the client that the clinician is seeing. a. Heschl's gyrus b. Arcuate fasciculus 18. You have been asked to evaluate a client c. Brodmann's area 44 & 45 who has sustained a neurological insult. The d. The watershed region or arterial chart tells you that his lateral cricoarytenoid border zone is paralyzed in an abducted position. Upon your evaluation, you will likely find that this Answer: Broca's area and Wernicke's area are client's voice is connected via the arcuate fasciculus. Lesions here a. Hoarse may lead to conduction aphasia. It is a white matter b. Aphonic tract that connects Broca's Area and Wernicke's Area c. Harsh through the Temporal, Parietal and Frontal Lobes. d. Normal Allows for coordinated, comprehensible speech. Answer: 16. Apraxia of speech is primarily a disorder of articulation and prosody. a. True b. False Answer: Apraxia of Speech - Prosody S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7  d. Palatopharyngeus Answer: Levator Veli Palatini 19. What type of dysarthria is characterized by 22. What action does the orbicularis oris allow? imprecise articulation, monotonous pitch and a. Eye closing * loudness, & harsh voice quality. b. Smelling a. Flaccid Dysarthria c. Lip Puckering b. Spastic Dysarthira d. Winking c. Ataxic Dysarthria d. Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Answer: Lip Puckering Answer: 23. What is the role of the stylopharyngeus muscle? a. Activates the ventricular "false" vocal folds b. Narrows the pharynx c. Elevate the lateral walls of the pharynx, moving them medially d. Elevates and opens the pharynx Answer: Elevates and opens the pharynx 24. The "rhyme" in phonetics refers to: a. Onset and coda b. Nucleus and coda c. The last syllable in a word d. The second last syllable in a word Answer: the rhyme is the nucleus (vowel) and coda (syllable-final consonant) together. 25. Which of the following morphemes emerges first from the list below, according to Brown (1973)? a. On (the preposition) b. Past tense -ed c. Pronouns she, he, it 20. What is the first grammatical morpheme to d. Possessive 's be used expressively by a child? a. -er Answer: Of the options listed, the first morpheme to b. - ing emerge is on, only preceded by -ing and in c. -s d. -ed 26. Benny is an infant that makes the following sounds: yelling, blowing raspberries, & Answer: -ing (e.g. "I eating") - Develops around 19-28 occasional CV-sounds. What stage of months. Any guesses on what grammatical language production is he in right now? morpheme comes next? a. Cooing/going b. Expansion 21. The muscles that elevate the soft palate are c. Canonical babbling called … d. Variegated babbling a. Levator veli palitini b. Tensor veli palitini c. Palatoglossus S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7 Answer: Benny is making infant productions and c. the study of word structure vocalizations consistent with the expansion stage, d. rules specifying how words may be which is usually found at the 4-6 month mark. combined to form meaningful sentences 27. HIPAA stands for? Answer: Pragmatics is the study of meaning in Answer: Health Insurance Portability and language in a particular context. This includes the Accountability Act place where the thing is said, who says it, and the things that you have already said 28. What does ADA stand for? 34. What is semantics? Answer: Americans with disabilities act a. the study of meaning b. the study of rules that govern 29. IEP stands for? language use in various social situations Answer: Individualized education plan c. the study of word structure d. rules specifying how words may be 30. IFSP stands for? combined to form meaningful sentences Answer: Individualized family service plan Answer: Semantics is the study of meaning in 31. What is morphology? language. It can be applied to entire texts or to single a. the study of meaning words. For example, "destination" and "last stop" b. the study of rules that govern technically mean the same thing, but students of language use in various social semantics analyze their subtle shades of meaning. situations c. the study of word structure 35. Which language components) fall under d. rules specifying how words may be FORM? combined to form meaningful a. Semantics sentences b. Morphology c. Syntax Answer: Morphemes, like prefixes, suffixes and base d. Phonology words, are defined as the smallest meaningful units of meaning. Answer: 32. What is syntax? a. the study of meaning b. the study of rules that govern language use in various social situations c. the study of word structure d. rules specifying how words may be combined to form meaningful sentences Answer: Syntax is basically about what word comes before and after another word; in other words, it's part of the larger subject of grammar 33. What is pragmatics? 36. You are conducting an assessment with an a. the study of meaning incoming kindergardener, Jason E., who has b. the study of rules that govern difficulty with word endings. Specifically, he language use in various social tends to omit endings like -est (saying "sad" situations instead of "saddest"), ily (saying "angry" S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7  instead of "angrily"), etc. He is having his bossiness." and peers do not include him difficulty with which specific aspect of in their games. His father tells you that the language? boy frequently says things like "Take me to a. Semantics Pizza Palace" and "Get me the Spiderman b. Morphology DVD." The father would like intervention to c. Syntax help his son say things like "I wonder if we d. Pragmatics could get the Spoderman DVD at the store," instead of giving orders. In therapy, you Answer: Morphology know you will need to work on the boy's facility with… 37. Jason is omitting FREE morphemes? a. passive sentence transformation a. True b. narrative skills b. False c. cohesion d. indirect requests Answer: A free morpheme can stand alone and be used as an independent word in the language. A Answer: indirect requests bound morpheme cannot stand alone or be used as an independent word in the language. 40. Occurs when there is sound energy in the nasal cavity during production of voiced, oral 38. A 7-year-old girl, Ashton is referred to you by sounds. her second-grade classroom teacher, Mr. a. Hypernasality Alvarez. Mr. Alvarez says that Ashton b. Hyponasality "doesn't always get along with her peers" 41. Occurs when there is not enough nasal and "doesn't know how to hold a decent resonance on nasal sounds due to a conversation." You assess Ashton personally blockage in the nasopharynx or nasal cavity. and also observe her on the playground a. Hypernasality during recess and in the cafeteria at b. Hyponasality lunch-time. You see that Mr. Alvarez is right. Ashton has difficulty in conversational Answer: Hyper nasality- there is sound energy in the exchanges with her peers and they nasal cavity during production of voiced, oral sounds. frequently ignore her. You notice that when Hypo nasality- there is not enough nasal resonance talking to you, she seems uncomfortable and on nasal sounds due to a blockage in the doesn't say much, even when you use a nasopharynx or nasal cavity. variety of interesting games and toys. In therapy your first priority with Ashton will be 42. You are evaluating a girl who has been to… referred because of difficulties associated a. teach her the appropriate use of with partial submucous cleft palate complex and compound sentences accompanied by a bifid uvula. During your b. teach her the appropriate use of evaluation you can probably expect to find… allophones a. HYPERnasality, leading to difficulty c. increase her skills in quick producing nasals adequately incidental learning to increase her b. HYPERnasality, accompanied by vocabulary decreased intraoral pressure, d. increase her skills in discourse leading to difficulties with adequate production of fricatives affricates Answer: increase her skills in discourse. Discourse is and plosives verbal interchange of ideas especially: conversation. c. HYPOnasality, accompanied by increased intraoral pressure, 39. A child has been referred to you for an leading to difficulties with adequate assessment of his pragmatic skills. The chief production of liquids and glides complaint of adults and children with whom d. HYPERnasality, accompanied by he interacts with is that he frequently gives difficulty producing vowels and commands and sounds rude and bossy. His nasals adequately classroom teacher says she is "fed up with S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7 Answer: Hypernasality, accompanied by decreased d. spasmodic dysphonia intraoral pressure, leading to difficulties with adequate production of fricatives, affricates and plosives. A Answer: Spasmodic dysphonia is a voice disorder. It submucous cleft palate is a congenital defect of the causes involuntary spasms in the muscles of the palate, which forms the roof of the mouth. The cleft voice box or larynx. This causes the voice to break (or opening) is underneath the mucous membrane, and have a tight, strained or strangled sound. which is the tissue that covers the roof of the mouth. Spasmodic dysphonia can cause problems ranging from trouble saying a word or two. 43. A singer comes to you for therapy. She has had a bypass surgery, and in the process, 46. Dysarthria is… there was damage to her recurrent laryngeal a. a speech disorder in the absence of nerve. In the course of intervention, you will muscle weakness or paralysis most likely focus on b. a speech disorder never associated a. Blowing exercises for more precise with aphasia direction of airstream c. a single disorder with a unitary b. Abdominal exercises to strengthen etiology the foundation for respiration d. a speech disorder associated with c. Chewing exercises to improve muscle weakens or paralysis overall oral coordination d. Strategies to improve vocal fold Answer: Dysarthria is a speech disorder caused by adduction muscle weakness. It can make it hard for you to talk. People may have trouble understanding what you say. Answer: The vocal cords play a crucial role in It can co-occur with Aphasia and Apraxia of speech. phonation. The muscles that are responsible for vocal cord movement are mainly innervated by the 47. A clinician in a hospital setting is asked to recurrent laryngeal nerves. The recurrent laryngeal evaluate a 64-year-old patient who appears nerves are branches of the vagal nerves. to have dysarthria as result of a TBI from falling and hitting the back lower portion of 44. A 67-year-old man comes to you for a voice their head. A detailed motor speech evaluation. He was referred by his primary evaluation shows that the patient presents care doctor. He states that his voice has with slurred speech, imprecise consonants, been getting "weaker" for the past 5-6 distorted vowels, slow rate of speech, and months. Upon oral peripheral examination, excess and even stress. The patient's motor you find that he has fasciculations (tremors) movements are described by the nursing of the tongue and some general facial staff as "clumsy" and "uncoordinated." Based weakness. The first thing you would do is? off the given information, the clinician would a. refer him to a psychologist for an most likely classify the patient's dysarthria as evaluation a. Hyperkinetic Dysarthria b. take detailed notes and tell him to b. Hypokinetic Dysarthria come back in 6 months c. Ataxic Dysarthria c. begin voice therapy, focusing on d. Flaccid Dysarthria strengthening exercises d. refer him to a neurologist for an Answer: Ataxic Dysarthria typically comes from evaluation cerebellum injury. “Hit back lower portion of their head” Answer: refer him to a neurologist for an evaluation 48. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) results 45. Patients who might be treated with CO2 in which kind of mixed dysarthria? laser surgery, recurrent laryngeal nerve a. Spastic-Ataxic Dysarthria resection, botox, voice therapy or a combo b. Flaccid-spastic dysarthria probably have c. Hypokinetic-spastic dysarthria a. contact ulcers d. Flaccid-Ataxic Dysarthria b. paradoxical VF motion c. hemangioma S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7 Answer: ALS is a degeneration of both upper and sounds the wrong way. (ii.) Be able to say something lower motor neurons, resulting in both mixed the right way one time but the wrong way the next flaccid-spastic dysarthria. People with spastic time. (iii.)Move your tongue and lips to get them into dysarthria may have speech problems alongside the right place as you try to say sounds. This is called generalized muscle weakness and abnormal reflexes. groping. (iv.) Speak more slowly. (v.) Be able to say Spastic dysarthrig occurs as a result of damage to the things that you say all the time-like "Hello" or "How motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). are you?"-without much trouble. This is called Flaccid dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting automatic speech. (vi.) Not be able to say any sounds from damage to the peripheral nervous system at all-This may happen in severe cases. (cranial or spinal nerves) or lower motor neuron system. Depending on which nerves are damaged, 51. Which of the following dysarthrias is flaccid dysarthria affects respiration, phonation, associated * with Parkinson's Disease resonance, articulation. a. Spastic Dysarthria b. Hypokinetic Dysarthria 49. Of the following symptoms, the one c. Flaccid Dysarthria associated with dysarthria is d. Hyperkinetic Dysarthria a. even and consistent breakdowns in articulation Answer: Parkinson's disease and hypokinetic b. impaired syntactic structures dysarthria. Close to 90% of individuals with PD c. forced inspirations and expirations present with hypokinetic dysarthria, as evidenced by that interrupt speech reduced vocal loudness, monotone, reduced d. invariably slower rate of speech fundamental frequency range, consonant and vowel imprecision, breathiness and irregular pauses. Answer: Interruption of speech from sudden, forced inspiratory/expiratory sighs. Exaggerated respiratory 52. Which of the following is considered a maneuvers (eg.. excessive elevation of the shoulders) mechanical factor that may lead to cleft palate? 50. A clinician in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) a. Autosomal dominance receives a note that Joe, a new 80-year-old b. Fetal alcohol syndrome patient, has been transferred to her facility. c. Intrauterine crowding The note states that Joe was assessed by d. X-linked inheritance the clinician in the previous SN, but there is no diagnosis in the papers that have been Answer: A mechanical factor refers to physical issues sent from the previous clinician. However, in the womb, such as intrauterine crowding, twinning, the previous clinician reported that Joe uterine tumor, or amniotic rupture. Other answers: manifested the following symptoms: general Autosomal dominance - Genetic. Fetal alcohol awareness of his speech problems, syndrome -Environmental. X-linked inheritance - significant articulation problems, problems Genetic with volitional speech with relatively intact automatic speech, more difficulty with 53. A condition where the surface tissues of the consonants than vowels, intonation and soft palate fuse but the underlying muscle or fluency problems, and trial-and-error groping bone tissues do not is called and struggling associated with speech a. fusion disorder attempts. Therapy was recommended. Joe b. class Ill palatal cleft most likely has… c. submucous or occult cleft palate a. Hyperkinetic Dysarthria d. celft lip b. Right-hemisphere syndrome c. unilateral upper motor neuron Answer: Submucous or Occult Cleft Palate- the dysarthria surface tissues of the soft palate fuse but the d. apraxia of speech underlying muscle or bone tissues do not. A midline deficiency or lack of muscular tissue as well as Answer: Apraxia of speech. Symptoms: (i.) Have incorrect positioning of the muscles. Can also be trouble imitating and saying sounds on your own. You observed through palpation or bluish discoloration of may add new sounds, leave sounds out, or say palate. S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7  54. What type of uvula may be seen with a Unusually shaped or small ears, Poor muscle tone, submucous cleft palate? Broad, short hands with a single crease in the palm, Relatively short fingers and small hands and feet, Answer: split in the uvula (called a bifid uvula). The Excessive flexibility. uvula is the small, bell-shaped bit of flesh hanging at the back of the throat, in the middle of the soft palate. 57. Down syndrome is also called … 55. As part of your job in a public school district, Answer: Trisomy 21 you serve several preschools. You get an urgent call from a parent at one of the 58. The CN that innervates the larynx and also schools. She states that her daughter innervates the levator veli palatini, Michelle (age 4), who previously had typical palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus language skills, has suddenly "lost her a. CN X words," and is having seizures. She shares b. CN V that Michelle "is so much more hyper now, c. CN XI and we don't know what's wrong." The mom d. CN VII shares that they have an appointment with Michelle's pediatrician to find out more about Answer: The Vagus Nerve is responsible for the what is happening/ YOu support this following functions: Motor- Intrinsic laryngeal muscles, decision, especially because you suspect VP close + approximation, Constriction of esophagus, Michelle has… peristalsis, Pharyngeal, Superior, + Recurrent. ; a. Williams Syndrome Sensory- Sensation of food residue in larynx, b. Treacher Collins Syndrome pharynx, + esophagus, Larynx, pharynx, external ear, c. Landau-Kleffner Syndrome trachea, esophagus, + diaphragm d. Pierre-Robin syndrome 59. Which branch of the vagus nerve (cranial Answer: Landau Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) is a rare nerve X) A innervate the cricothyroid muscle childhood disorder characterized by the loss of a. Superior laryngeal nerve language comprehension and verbal expression in b. Recurrent laryngeal nerve association with severely abnormal c. Lateral laryngeal nerve electroencephalographic (EEG) findings during sleep d. Pharyngeal branch and clinical seizures in most patients. Answer: The superior laryngeal nerve innervates 56. You have received a referral of Akhtar, a cricothyroid muscle, which tenses the vocal folds. 4-year-old refugee child from a Cricothyroid muscle is the only tensor of vocal cords Dari-speaking family from Afghanistan. the most commonly injured nerve during thyroid and Akhtar has never been evaluated or received parathyroid surgery. speech-language services. Before you meet Akhtar, you speak with the doctor, who 60. The structure of the inferior portion of the explains that Akhtar has midface dysplasia, tongue that connects the tongue with the a high and narrow arched palate, a relatively mandible is called the large and fissured tongue that protrudes, a. Dorsum hearing loss, and speech sound disorder. b. Root Akhtar also has generalized hypotonia and c. Blade brachycephaly (small head). You can d. Lingual Frenulum confidently conclude that Akhtar has 61. Ankyloglossia is a condition where an a. Crouzon Syndrome unusually short, thick or tight lingual b. Down Syndrome frenulum tethers the bottom of the tongue c. Cri du cat syndrome a. True d. Hurler Syndrome b. False Answer: Down Syndrome has the following Answer: Difficulty lifting the tongue to the upper teeth symptoms: Flattened face, Small head, Short neck, or moving the tongue from side to side. Trouble Protruding tongue, Upward slanting eyelids, sticking out the tongue past the lower front teeth. A S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7 tongue that appears notched or heart shaped when d. Behavioral voice therapy stuck out. Answer: Papillomas are wart-like growths from HPV 62. The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to that may grow anywhere in the airway and cause the… blockage of the air passage. Doctors' first priority is to a. corpus callosum and basal ganglia preserve the airway for breathing, so surgery is done b. caudate nucleus and globus to remove any blockages caused by papillomas. pallidus c. corpus striatum 66. In nerve-muscle pedicle reinnervation, the d. the lateral surface of the cortex surgeon takes a pedicle of a neck strap muscle with innervation and sutures it either Answer: ACA- Extends upward and forward from into the adductors or abductors to help with: internal carotid artery; blood supply - Contal & parietal a. Laryngomalacia lobes, basal ganglia, & corpus callosum; stroke in b. Spasmodic dysphonia (abductor or ACA: opposite leg weakness adductor types) c. Vocal fold paralysis 63. The posterior cricoarytenoid is responsible d. Myasthenia Gravis for: a. Elevating the vocal folds to raise Answer: nerve-muscle pedicle innervation assists in pitch helping reinnervate the muscles for abduction or b. Stretching and lengthening the adduction related to vocal fold paralvsis to close or vocal folds to lower pitch open the glottis as needed. c. Adducting the vocal folds d. Abducting the vocal folds 67. Rina has been a smoker all of her life and now has been suffering from Reinke's Answer: Posterior Cricoarytenoid is the only intrinsic edema, swelling, and thickening of her vocal laryngeal muscle to be responsible for abducting the folds accompanied by low pitched, gravelly vocal folds. All others are responsible for adducting voice. She tried surgery to fix this six years the vocal folds. ago, which worked for a while, but she has picked up smoking again and tells you that 64. Leukoplakia are growths of thick, whitish she probably will never be able to quit no patches on the surface membrane of the matter how many times she tries. She does mucosa and subepithelial space. It is caused not want to have the surgery again by tissue irritation. If seen, SLPs should: especially as she might keep smoking and a. Refer to neurology due to risk factor therefore not maintain the benefits. What is of MS another appropriate intervention to try? b. Refer to oncology due to risk factor a. Reducing other irritants, such as of cancer GERD c. Refer to occupational therapy for b. Chest resonance environmental assessment of c. Vocal Function Exercises irritants d. Lessac-Madsen Resonance Voice d. Vocal rest for 3-4 weeks and Therapy reassess to see if the growths reduce in size Answer: Chest resonance is appropriate for clients with Reinke's edema that are not candidates for Answer: Leukoplakia are benign growths, but should surgery because they will not change their smoking be monitored as they are considered precancerous habits. Clients feel resonance vibrations in the chest and may develop into squamous cell carcinoma. that they shape into /h/ and eventually words and Oncology should be made aware. sentences. 65. What is a common treatment for papilloma? 68. Which of the following is classified as an a. Repeated surgeries to remove idiopathic voice disorder? b. Botox a. Spasmodic dysphonia c. Fillers, such as collagen or fat S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7  b. Paradoxical vocal fold motion 72. "Schools are required to offer college and disorder career counseling as well as advanced c. Muscle tension dysphonia placement courses to all students." This is a d. Mutational falsetto (aka provision of which legislation? "Puberphonia") a. IDEA b. NCLB Answer: Idiopathic- unknown cause; Paradoxical c. ESSA vocal fold motion disorder is classified as idiopathic, d. ADA as it may have both psychological and neurological causes, but so far, a definitive cause is not known. Answer: Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) Spasmodic dysphonia is a neurologically based voice mandates that schools must offer college and career disorder, and both muscle tension dysphonia and counseling as well as advanced placement courses. puberphonia are psychogenic voice disorders. 73. What are ASHA’s 4 Codes of Ethics? 69. Zhu-Lai is a 64-year-old patient who is experiencing flares of arthritis. This has been Answer: CCPP ; Principle 1. Safeguarding Client bothering him for the last two years. His Welfare; Principle 2. Clinician Competence; Principle voice is weak, breathy and he complains of 3. Responsibility to the Public; Principle 4. stiffness in his throat. Before you look at his Responsibility to the Profession vocal folds via endoscopy, you suspect that he might have: 74. "Individuals shall uphold the dignity and a. Laryngopharyngeal reflux autonomy of the professions, maintain b. Sulcus vocalis collaborative and harmonious c. GERD interprofessional and intraprofessional d. Ankylosis relationships, and accept the professions' self-imposed standards" is the main point of Answer: Ankylosis is a stiffening of the joints due to which ASHA code of ethics principle? arthritis or cancer, in which the movements of joints a. Principle I (in this case, arytenoids) are restricted, and the vocal b. Principle II folds do not close fully. c. Principle III d. Principle IV 70. Reduced base of tongue retraction to the posterior pharyngeal wall is a problem in Answer: Principle IV which phase of the swallow: a. Oral prep 75. "Individuals shall honor their responsibility to b. Oral achieve and maintain the highest level of c. Pharyngeal professional competence and performance" d. Esophageal is the main point of which ASHA code of ethics principle? Answer: A reduced base of tongue retraction to the a. Principle I posterior pharyngeal wall is a problem in the b. Principle II pharyngeal phase of the swallow. c. Principle III d. Principle IV 71. Which of the following is not associated with problems in the pharyngeal phase? Answer: Principle II a. Difficulties propelling bolus through PES 76. The Americans With Disabilities Act is also b. Delayed or absent swallowing reflex known as: c. Food residue in the vallecula a. Public Law 108-446 d. Premature swallow b. Public Law 101-336 c. Public Law 105-17 Answer: Premature swallow is associated with d. Public Law 101-476 disorders of the oral phase, not the pharyngeal phase. S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7 Answer: The Americans With Disabilities Act is also 79. Virat, a 72-year-old patient, was added to known as Public Law 101-336 your caseload because he presented with dysphagia. Your evaluation indicated a mild 77. Chase is an actor who has a moderately to moderate oral phase dysphagia. During severe conductive hearing loss which he your initial treatment session, Virat noted that keeps private and doesn't want his fans, or he had previously completed oral-motor other people in his industry to know, as he is exercises and that he would like to continue worried that it will affect his ability to be hired them, as they seemed to help. You decide to or cast in a role. He had some embarrassing trial Virat's stimulability for these exercises interviews recently in which he had difficulty as part of his plan of treatment and need to understanding the questions and did not discuss the purpose and goal of using these answer them properly, leading to some exercises with him. You explain to Virat that questioning if he was okay. He has decided the following is not a goal of oral-motor to seek out an audiologist to see what his control exercises: options are and is adamant that he needs a. Increase range of tongue something that can hide his hearing loss or movements he would rather go without it. The audiologist b. Increase movement of the base of decides to counsel him on his complex the tongue feelings and go through the options. Which type of hearing aid is the smallest and least Answer: B. Why is increased movement of the base visible model which terminates close to the of the tongue not a good oral motor control exercise? tympanic membrane? For the sake of the praxis the base of the tongue is a. In-the-canal model considered for the pharyngeal phase. b. Behind-the-ear model c. Completely-in-the-canal model 80. While working in a hospital setting, you are d. In-the-ear model asked to evaluate a 70-year-old patient who has had a brainstem stroke. The medical Answer: Chase may be most comfortable with the records indicate that the patient has difficulty completely-in-the-canal hearing aid due to his swallowing. When you conduct test swallow personal needs. trials, you observe anterior tongue movements, food residue in the anterior and 78. Katrin is a 3;11 year old typically developing lateral sulcus, premature swallow, and child who the audiologist has been following reduced range of tongue elevation. Which of since Katrin has been experiencing chronic the following is the most likely diagnosis you otitis media. Which testing method would be would make of this patient? the most appropriate given her age and a. Normal swallowing development? b. Predominantly a disorder of the a. Otoacoustic emissions and auditory esophageal phase brainstem response c. Predominantly a disorder of the b. Play audiometry pharyngeal phase c. Operant audiometry d. Predominantly a disorder of the oral d. Visual reinforcement audiometry phase Answer: PLAY AUDIOMETRY. Given Katrin's age and Answer: Phases of swallow for each symptom: development, play audiometry is appropriate as OAE Anterior tongue movements -Oral ; Food residue in and ABR are appropriate for newborn, visual the anterior & lateral sulcus- oral; Premature Swallow reinforcement audiometry is for infants who can turn - oral/pharyngeal; Reduced range of tongue elevation their heads toward the stimuli, and operant - oral audiometry is appropriate for children who may have difficulty with traditional means, such as children with 81. An attending physician refers a patient for intellectual disabilities, attention deficit disorder, and swallowing therapy. The patient has a behavioral disorders. tracheostomy tube in place. Which of the following is recommended while conducting therapy? S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7  a. Feed when the cuff is inflated. a. Repeating words of increasing b. Do not feed when the cuff is length inflated. b. Following two-step commands c. There is no need to suction after c. Recalling three common items feeding, there is no chance of d. Performing voluntary oral aspiration. movements d. Tell the attending the SLP scope does not cover feeding pts on a Answer: Inability to repeat two-syllable words is a trach tube clear indicator of apraxia of speech. Apraxia can occur in conjunction with dysarthria & aphasia. Answer: A reason for closely monitoring tracheostomy Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder. The tube cuff status is that it may have a negative impact messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted, on swallowing. While a consensus does not exist in and the person cannot move his or her lips or tongue the research, it has been reported that an inflated cuff to the right place to say sounds. may impinge upon swallowing by tethering the larynx and reducing hyolaryngeal excursion during the 85. Oropharyngeal dysphagia in a child with swallow. Down syndrome is most likely caused by which of the following factors? 82. All of the following are deficits of the oral a. Aversive feeding behaviors phase of swallowing, except b. Hypotonia a. food residue located in various c. Digestive problems places d. Pneumonia b. reduced movement of the base of the tongue Answer: Hypotonia is the leading cause of swallowing c. piecemeal swallow disorders in children with Down syndrome. d. anterior spillage 86. Put in order of acquisition: p, k, dj, th Answer: What part of the swallow? Reduced movement of the base of the tongue - pharyngeal; Answer: p/ is first because this phoneme is developed Piecemeal swallow - oral; Food residue located in between ages 1 and 3; /k/ is second because this is various places - oral; Anterior spillage - oral developed by age 3 1/2; /e/is third because this is developed between ages 3 and 8; /3/ forward is last 83. As part of a routine preschool screening, an because this is developed between ages 6 and 8. SLP tests a 4 year old whose speech is characterized by sound omissions, hypernasality, nasal emission, and weak consonants. Which of the following would be Refer to the following case for items 87-90: most appropriately evaluated initially? a. Phonological awareness An 81-year-old female presents to a rehabilitation b. Velopharyngeal function hospital following a severe L MCA stroke. The patient c. Oral-motor behavior has post stroke right-sided weakness, right neglect, d. Laryngeal function and suspected nonfluent aphasia. Receptive language appears to be mildly impacted. The patient Answer: The characteristics described are consistent has a complex medical history, including TBI following with a resonance disorder, hence velopharyngeal a car accident two years ago, obesity, diabetes, function would be evaluated initially. seizure disorder, congestive heart failure, and hypertension. Socially, the patient has lived alone for 84. A 65-year-old patient is transferred from the past three years following her husband's death. another facility with a diagnosis of aphasia. Since her car accident she mainly watches TV at The patient's symptoms, however, appear home and leaves her house only for dialysis. She has more consistent with apraxia. Which of the meals on wheels and home health aides to assist her following tasks for the patient is most with showering. Because of her TBI, her behavior is appropriate when assessing verbal apraxia often variable and erratic. The highest level of of speech? education she attained was seventh grade. She S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7 stayed home to take care of her children and did not 90. Put the Aphasia's in correct order they are have a career. shown here (Vertically) a. Transcortical Sensory 87. Which of the following medical conditions, in b. Broca’s combination with her stroke, is likely to have c. Transcortical Motor the greatest impact on the patient's d. Wernicke’s communication abilities? a. Diabetes b. Seizure disorder c. TBI d. Obesity Answer: Patients with TBI are more likely to have metacognitive problems in addition to the aphasia, thus impacting their ability to improve 88. Which of the following tasks is most appropriate to include when assessing the patient's phrase length? a. Completing divergent naming tasks b. Repeating sentences of varying Answer: Broca’s; Wernicke’s; Transcortical Motor; lengths Transcortical Sensory c. Maintaining a conversation with a known partner 91. Put the Dysarthrias in correct order they are d. Responding to open-ended shown here (Horizontally top to bottom) questions a. Flaccid b. Ataxic Answer: When an SLP assesses phrase length, it is c. Spastic important to task the patient with open-ended d. Hypokinetic questions to assess the patient's ability to spontaneously produce speech. 89. Which medical factors should the SLP give the most weight when determining the patient's communication prognosis? a. Severity of diabetes b. Severity of the stroke c. Frequency of seizures d. Level of obesity Answer: Information about the severity of the patient's stroke is necessary to estimate the patient's chance of recovery. Answer: Flaccid; Spastic; Ataxic; Hypokinetic S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7  92. These are the characteristics of which patient is still very concerned that written syndrome? expression is moderately impaired at the a. Extra chromosome 21; Conductive single-word level. The homework and/or sensorineural HL, assignments to implement copy-and-recall generalized hypotonia, treatment to improve written expression, characteristic facial features which involves practicing writing target words (from photographs) and then copying those Answer: Down Syndrome words multiple times. However, during a follow- up phone call, the SLP determines 93. These are the characteristics of which that the patient is struggling to write the neurogenic communication disorder? assigned target words because the patient a. persistent or progressive can't think of the correct letters." Although a deterioration of cognitive functions; model is provided on the back of each target memory deficits are most photograph, the patient wants to find a way characteristic; may also impact to practice without looking at the answer. language, emotional, personality, The SLP’s best course of action is to suggest etc. that the patient… a. try anagramming the words using Answer: Dementia letter tiles to form the target word b. use drawing to convey messages 94. You have been asked to evaluate a client instead of using written expression who has sustained a neurological insult. The c. use a cell phone voice-to-text chart tells you that his lateral cricoarytenoid application as a compensatory is paralyzed in an abducted position. Upon strategy your evaluation, you will likely find that this d. practice writing the alphabet in client's voice is order before beginning the a. Aphonic homework again b. Loud c. Harsh Answer: Anagramming- This approach would give the d. Normal client the best access to completing the homework. The letter tiles would provide a support for the client Answer: The main function of the lateral to complete the homework and are a regular part of cricoarytenoid muscle is to aid sound production. this treatment approach Paralysis of this muscle will impede the vocal folds ability to create vibrations. 97. Which of the following instruments is often used to document stages of recovery after 95. Inhalation is primarily carried out through the traumatic brain injury (TBI) ? movement of which of the following muscles a. Scale of Executive Function or muscle groups? b. Glasgow Coma Scale a. External intercostals c. Sequenced Inventory of b. Internal intercostals Communication Development c. Diaphragm d. Rancho Los Amigos Scales of d. Scalenes Cognitive Function Answer: The diaphragm is the muscle that creates the Answer: Ranchos Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive most volume in the lungs. It is the primary muscle for Function- a clinical tool used to rate how people with inhalation. TBIs are recovering. The 10 levels of recovery noted in the scale also help to decide when a patient is 96. An SLP provides home practice for a patient ready for rehabilitation. with aphasia as part of discharge plans. The patient is approximately six-months post ettehemisonere stroke that resulted in aphasia. Verbal output has improved significantly since the stroke; However, the S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7  the student for the entire school year, and the student is able to use /r/ accurately 75 percent of the time. However, the goal is to reach 90 percent accuracy. Because the student worked on the skill all year and still has not met the established goal, the SLP feels the student performs at his highest possible level. The SLP does not think it is in the student's best interest to continue pulling the student out of class to address the goal. The parents are upset and are questioning the SLP's decision. Which of the following statements from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Code of Ethics can be used to back up the SLP's decision? a. Individuals who hold the Certificate of Clinical Competence shall evaluate the effectiveness of 98. An SLP uses evidence-based practice by services provided, technology integrating the perspectives and values of employed, and products dispensed, the client, patient, or caregivers into the and they shall provide services or treatment plan. which of the following best dispense products only when reflects simultaneous incorporation of the benefit can reasonably be host culture's perspectives and values and expected. maintenance of the native culture's b. Individuals shall honor their perspectives and values? responsibility to hold paramount the a. Acculturation welfare of persons they serve b. Ethnocentrism professionally or who are c. Assimilation participants in research and d. Enculturation scholarly activities, and they shall treat animals involved in research in Answer: Acculturation- is the incorporation of the host a humane manner. culture's perspective and the native culture's c. Individuals shall use every perspective and values. resource, including referral and/or interprofessional collaboration when 99. An SLP tries to elicit correct production of appropriate, to ensure that quality the target sound s/forward slash s forward service is provided. slash. Which of the following words provides d. Individuals shall provide all clinical the best coarticulatory conditions to meet the services and scientific activities SLP's goal? competently a. Spoon b. Soup Answer: According to ASHA, it is important that SLPs c. Sea remember to provide services when a benefit can be d. Sob expected. The SLP has exhausted all treatment options and a benefit for this student is no longer Answer: /si/. The target sound /s/ and the vowel /i/ expected. that follows it both require lip spreading. The vowel i/ is high and front. 101.Match the action with the correct term listed below. (ex. i=A) 100.A school-based SLP wants to discharge a fifth-grade student. The student has i. Focusing on hearing a person speaking while the mastered all his goals except /r/ in television is on conversational speech. The SLP worked with S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7 ii. Listening to a list of spoken words for a target word iii. Sorting playing cards by color. then by number, and then by color again iv. Mentally solving a complex math problem a. Selective Attention b. Sustained Attention c. Working Memory d. Alternating Attention Answer: i-B; ii-A; iii-D; iv-C. Sohlberg and Mateer (2010) lay out the types of attention, their descriptions match the assessment tasks described. 102. Dysarthria in a patient with lower motor neuron damage generally manifests as a. S1&2: 1-14 ; S3: 15-30 ; S4: 31-51 ; S5: 52-73 ; S6: 74-93 ; S7