SLE Practice Quiz PDF

SLE/Hypersensitivity Quiz:\ \ **Question 1: Hypersensitivity Types** **A patient presents with wheezing and hives after eating peanuts. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is the patient experiencing?** A. Type I (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity)\ B. Type II (Cytotoxic hypersensitivity)\ C. Type...

SLE/Hypersensitivity Quiz:\ \ **Question 1: Hypersensitivity Types** **A patient presents with wheezing and hives after eating peanuts. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is the patient experiencing?** A. Type I (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity)\ B. Type II (Cytotoxic hypersensitivity)\ C. Type III (Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity)\ D. Type IV (Delayed-type hypersensitivity) **Correct Answer: A. Type I (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity)**\ *Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is characterized by an immediate allergic response mediated by IgE antibodies, commonly seen in anaphylaxis or allergic reactions to foods.* **Question 2: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)** **Which clinical finding is most specific to diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?** A. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)\ B. Positive anti-DNA antibody test\ C. Presence of proteinuria\ D. Red butterfly rash on the face **Correct Answer: B. Positive anti-DNA antibody test**\ *Rationale: Anti-DNA antibodies are highly specific to SLE and are rarely found in other disorders, making them a key diagnostic marker\ * **Question 3: Collaborative Treatment for Type I Hypersensitivity** **A patient is admitted with an acute anaphylactic reaction. Which is the priority medication to administer?** A. Antihistamines\ B. Steroids\ C. Epinephrine\ D. Theophylline **Correct Answer: C. Epinephrine**\ *Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, as it counteracts bronchospasms, vasodilation, and other severe symptoms of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction.* **Question 4: Risk Factors for SLE** **Which patient is at the highest risk for developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?** A. A 70-year-old Caucasian male\ B. A 25-year-old African American female\ C. A 40-year-old Hispanic male\ D. A 30-year-old Asian male **Correct Answer: B. A 25-year-old African American female**\ *Rationale: SLE predominantly affects women of childbearing age, and it is more common in African American, Hispanic, and Native American populations.* **Question 5: Nursing Management in SLE** **What is the most important teaching point for a patient with SLE who is prescribed corticosteroids?** A. Avoid exposure to sunlight and use sunscreen.\ B. Take the medication only when symptoms worsen.\ C. Increase dietary calcium to prevent osteoporosis.\ D. Stop the medication immediately if side effects occur. **Correct Answer: A. Avoid exposure to sunlight and use sunscreen.**\ *Rationale: Patients with SLE are highly photosensitive. Sun exposure can trigger flares, making skin protection a critical aspect of patient education.* **Question 6: Type II Hypersensitivity** **A patient is experiencing hemolysis after receiving a blood transfusion. What is the priority nursing action?** A. Administer an antihistamine.\ B. Stop the transfusion immediately.\ C. Notify the provider to adjust the transfusion rate.\ D. Encourage the patient to drink fluids to dilute the reaction. **Correct Answer: B. Stop the transfusion immediately.**\ *Rationale: In the event of a hemolytic reaction, the priority is to stop the transfusion to prevent further destruction of red blood cells and potential life-threatening complications.* **Question 7: Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity** **Which diagnostic test result indicates a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction?** A. Wheal and flare within minutes of antigen exposure\ B. 10 mm induration at the site of a tuberculin skin test after 48-72 hours\ C. Positive anti-DNA antibody result\ D. Rash developing immediately after exposure to an allergen **Correct Answer: B. 10 mm induration at the site of a tuberculin skin test after 48-72 hours**\ *Rationale: A positive delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, such as a tuberculin skin test, is identified by induration at the test site 48--72 hours after antigen exposure.* **Question 8: Immunity Concepts** **Which patient is at the highest risk for developing a hypersensitivity reaction?**\ A. A patient receiving daily vitamins\ B. A patient receiving penicillin for the first time\ C. A patient with a history of seasonal allergies\ D. A patient who has never had a vaccine **Correct Answer: C. A patient with a history of seasonal allergies**\ *Rationale: A history of allergies indicates an overreactive immune system, predisposing the patient to hypersensitivity reactions.* **Question 9: Type III Hypersensitivity** **Which organ system is most commonly affected in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?**\ A. Nervous system\ B. Cardiovascular system\ C. Connective tissues\ D. Endocrine system **Correct Answer: C. Connective tissues**\ *Rationale: SLE involves the deposition of immune complexes in connective tissues, leading to widespread inflammation and damage.* **Question 10: Diagnostic Testing in SLE** **Which laboratory finding is consistent with an exacerbation of SLE?**\ A. Low erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)\ B. High hemoglobin and hematocrit\ C. Proteinuria on urinalysis\ D. Negative anti-DNA antibody test **Correct Answer: C. Proteinuria on urinalysis**\ *Rationale: During an SLE exacerbation, kidney involvement often results in proteinuria due to immune complex deposition.* **Question 11: Type I Hypersensitivity Management** **A patient with asthma is prescribed a daily antihistamine. What is the primary purpose of this medication?**\ A. Reduce inflammation in the bronchi\ B. Block histamine receptors to prevent symptoms\ C. Relax the smooth muscles of the airways\ D. Increase mucus production **Correct Answer: B. Block histamine receptors to prevent symptoms**\ *Rationale: Antihistamines prevent histamine binding to receptors, reducing allergic symptoms in Type I hypersensitivity reactions.* **Question 12: Collaborative Care in Hypersensitivity** **A patient is undergoing desensitization therapy for allergies. What is the expected outcome of this therapy?**\ A. Complete elimination of the allergic reaction\ B. Increased sensitivity to allergens\ C. Development of tolerance to allergens\ D. Increased production of histamine **Correct Answer: C. Development of tolerance to allergens**\ *Rationale: Desensitization therapy aims to reduce the immune response by gradually introducing small amounts of the allergen.* **Question 13: SLE Manifestations** **What is the hallmark dermatologic manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?**\ A. Generalized urticaria\ B. Maculopapular rash on extremities\ C. Red butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose\ D. Petechiae on the lower extremities **Correct Answer: C. Red butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose**\ *Rationale: The butterfly rash is a classic skin manifestation of SLE, typically exacerbated by sun exposure.* **Question 14: Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction** **Which example illustrates a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?**\ A. Anaphylaxis following a bee sting\ B. Rash from poison ivy exposure 72 hours ago\ C. Hives immediately after eating shellfish\ D. Hemolysis after a mismatched blood transfusion **Correct Answer: B. Rash from poison ivy exposure 72 hours ago**\ *Rationale: Type IV reactions are delayed and involve T-cell-mediated responses, such as contact dermatitis.* **Question 15: Risk Factors for SLE** **Which statement by a nursing student requires correction regarding risk factors for SLE?**\ A. \"SLE commonly affects young women.\"\ B. \"African Americans have a higher prevalence of SLE.\"\ C. \"SLE affects men and women equally.\"\ D. \"Hispanic populations are also at increased risk.\" **Correct Answer: C. \"SLE affects men and women equally.\"**\ *Rationale: SLE predominantly affects women, especially during childbearing years.* **Question 16: Pharmacotherapy in SLE** **A patient with SLE is prescribed hydroxychloroquine. What is the primary purpose of this medication?**\ A. Reduce joint inflammation\ B. Prevent skin flares\ C. Treat bacterial infections\ D. Suppress the immune system **Correct Answer: B. Prevent skin flares**\ *Rationale: Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial drug used to manage skin and arthritic symptoms in SLE.* **Question 17: Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction** **What is the primary immune component involved in a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?**\ A. IgE antibodies\ B. T-cells\ C. IgG or IgM antibodies\ D. Mast cells **Correct Answer: C. IgG or IgM antibodies**\ *Rationale: In Type II hypersensitivity, these antibodies bind to antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell destruction.* **Question 18: Nursing Diagnosis in SLE** **Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for a patient with SLE experiencing fatigue and joint pain?**\ A. Risk for Infection\ B. Impaired Physical Mobility\ C. Risk for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion\ D. Disturbed Body Image **Correct Answer: B. Impaired Physical Mobility**\ *Rationale: Fatigue and joint pain can limit mobility, requiring interventions to maintain activity levels.* **Question 19: Immune System Alterations** **Which statement best describes autoimmune disorders?**\ A. The immune system attacks foreign pathogens only.\ B. The immune system fails to recognize its own cells.\ C. The immune system becomes overly active against allergens.\ D. The immune system lacks the ability to mount a response. **Correct Answer: B. The immune system fails to recognize its own cells.**\ *Rationale: Autoimmune disorders involve the immune system attacking the body's own tissues as foreign.* **Question 20: Patient Education in SLE** **A patient with SLE is starting immunosuppressive therapy. Which teaching point is most important?**\ A. Increase sun exposure to boost vitamin D levels.\ B. Avoid large crowds and people with infections.\ C. Discontinue medications if no immediate improvement.\ D. Take herbal supplements to boost immunity. **Correct Answer: B. Avoid large crowds and people with infections.**\ *Rationale: Immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of infections; patients must avoid exposure to pathogens.* **Question 21: SLE and Pregnancy** **What is the primary consideration for a patient with SLE planning to become pregnant?**\ A. Pregnancy will not affect SLE symptoms.\ B. Medication adjustments may be needed for fetal safety.\ C. SLE improves significantly during pregnancy.\ D. Immunizations should be avoided entirely. **Correct Answer: B. Medication adjustments may be needed for fetal safety.**\ *Rationale: Some SLE medications are contraindicated during pregnancy, and planning ensures the best outcomes for mother and infant.* **Question 22: Delayed Hypersensitivity** **A patient receives a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test. What does this indicate?**\ A. Active tuberculosis infection\ B. Prior exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis\ C. Immediate allergic reaction\ D. Type III hypersensitivity **Correct Answer: B. Prior exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis**\ *Rationale: A positive PPD test indicates previous exposure or latent TB infection, confirmed by further testing.* **Question 23: SLE Monitoring** **Which finding in a patient with SLE requires immediate attention?**\ A. Fatigue and joint pain\ B. Butterfly rash\ C. Sudden onset of hematuria\ D. Photosensitivity **Correct Answer: C. Sudden onset of hematuria**\ *Rationale: Hematuria may indicate kidney involvement, a severe manifestation of SLE that requires prompt intervention.* **Question 24: Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction** **What is a common manifestation of immune complex deposition in Type III hypersensitivity?**\ A. Joint inflammation\ B. Angioedema\ C. Bronchospasm\ D. Hemolysis **Correct Answer: A. Joint inflammation**\ *Rationale: Immune complexes in joints lead to inflammation, as seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and SLE.* **Question 25: Pharmacologic Interventions** **Which medication is most appropriate for acute severe exacerbations of SLE?**\ A. Antihistamines\ B. Corticosteroids\ C. NSAIDs\ D. Hydroxychloroquine **Correct Answer: B. Corticosteroids**\ *Rationale: High-dose corticosteroids are used to manage severe SLE exacerbations, reducing inflammation and immune activity.*