Music 9 Classical Period PDF

Department of Education Music 9 Music of the Classical Period Second Quarter - Week 1 Shellah Y. Doniza Christine R. Jamig Ernesto T. Sanchez...

Department of Education Music 9 Music of the Classical Period Second Quarter - Week 1 Shellah Y. Doniza Christine R. Jamig Ernesto T. Sanchez Writers Jinky DC Santos Validator Maria Hazel B. Hernandez Evangeline M. Aman Edison C. Enerlas Division Quality Assurance Team Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City Pangdibisyong Student Center for Life Katiyakan Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., sa Kalidad Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City (02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940 CLASSICAL PERIOD: CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMS OF MUSIC This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you appreciate the Music of the Classical Period. This module can be used in different learning situations. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Describe the Musical Elements of given Classical Period Pieces. 2. Relate Classical Music to other art forms and its history within the era. Pre-Test Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer 1. It is a style of broken chord accompaniment. A. Alberti Bass C. Movement B. Counterpoint D. Recapitulation 2. The term that denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece, Roman literature and art, which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. A. Advent of the Piano C. Continuity B. Classical D. Melodic Phrase 3. What century did Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts. A.16th Century C. 18th Century B. 17th Century D. 19th Century 4. It is also called as the “Age of Reason”. A. Baroque Period C. Medieval Period B. Classical Period D. Renaissance Period 5. The term classical refers to the period that extends roughly from _________. A. 1750- 1820 C. 1750- 1840 B. 1750- 1830 D. 1750- 1863 1 6. The considerable effects of loud and soft in the works of the classical masters as expressed in the crescendos and decrescendos or diminuendos in the performance of works. A. Dynamics C. Melody B. Harmony D. Tone Color 7. A new type of melody, which has individual and compact character develops. It is often folk-like in clarity and simplicity. A. Dynamics C. Musical Style B. Melodic Style D. Orchestration 8. It became more preferred than the polyphonic style (many voices) of the previous era. A. Classic Style C. Homophonic Style B. Counterpoint D. Monophonic Style 9. A musical work with different movements for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. A. Concerto C. Sonata B. Rondo D. Symphony 10. The general texture of Classical Music. A. Heterophonic C. Monophonic B. Homophonic D. Polyphonic 11. The term for serious opera. A. Opera C. Opera Buffa B. Concerto D. Opera Seria 12. The most important form that was developed during the Classical Era and usually the form of the first movement of a sonata or symphony. A. Minuet C. Sonata Allegro B. Rondo D. Symphony 13. It repeats the themes as they first emerged in the opening exposition. A. Development C. Recapitulation B. Exposition D. Symphony 14. A musical composition designed to be played by the full orchestra. A. Cantata C. Sonata B. Concerto D. Symphony 15. It is a multi-movement work for solo instrument. A. Cantata C. Sonata B. Concerto D. Symphony Last quarter, you have learned about Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods. Take a review of the past lessons by answering this activity. 2 Matching Type Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before the number. _____ 1. Musical compositions that resemble a harmonized A. Chorale version of hymnal tunes. _____ 2. The combination of simultaneously B. Harmony sounded musical notes to produce chords. _____ 3. A term which means “rebirth.” C. Mass _____ 4. The perceived sound quality of a D. Tone Color musical note. _____ 5. The setting either polyphonic or E. Renaissance in plain chant of the Liturgy of the Eucharist. MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD Classical Period (1750-1820) ❖ Also called as the "AGE OF REASON." ❖ Cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts. ❖ Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. Background ❖ Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility. ❖ Important historical events that occurred in the West during this era were the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the American Revolution. ❖ The term "Classical" denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ANCIENT GREECE and ROMAN Literature and Art, which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. General Music Characteristics of the Classical Period In general, classical period music can be described as objective showing emotional restraint, polish, refinement It also makes use of style galant in the classical period which was drawn in opposition to the structures of the Baroque style, emphasizing light elegance in place of the baroque’s dignified seriousness and impressive grandeur. It is an important era, which established many of the norms of composition, presentation and style. Form. The sonata form emerged from the classical period. Melodic Style. A new type of melody, which has individual and compact character, develops. It is often folk-like in clarity and simplicity. It replaced the long lines, figurations and ornamentations styles of Baroque polyphony. Texture- Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music and is less complex. Homophonic Style. The homophonic style became more preferred than the polyphonic style (many voices) of the previous era. 3  Counterpoint. This device was still employed but became of secondary importance. Contrapuntal forms (many simultaneous voices or instrument parts) were abandoned. Harmony. Classical music generally has a remarkably simple harmony. Significant harmonic developments occurred during the time of Beethoven who was a transition composer from the Classical to the Romantic era.. Musical Output. There was an enormous increase in the production of all kinds of music in the Classical period. This was enhanced by the expansion of music publishing business. Musical phrases. These were more regular, shorter and clearer than those of the Baroque period. Orchestration. The Classical period established the basis and standardization of modern orchestration and instrumentation. DYNAMICS of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of CRESCENDO and DIMINUENDO Style of BROKEN CHORD accompaniment called ALBERTI BASS was practiced. Advent of the Piano. Although invented a century earlier, the piano began to make progress as a music medium and replaced the older keyboard instruments like harpsichord, clavichord et al because it has a greater sonority than the other keyboard instruments of the earlier periods. Music Forms of the Classical Period I. INSTRUMENTAL FORMS A. SONATA a multi-movement work for solo instrument, Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin. Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Tr0otuiQuU (Moonlight Sonata) 1st Movement: Allegro – fast movement 2nd Movement: Slow tempo: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional. 3rd Movement: Minuet: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo. SONATA ALLEGRO FORM The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct sections: Exposition, Development and Recapitulation. 1. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme. 2. Development is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed. 3. Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition B. CONCERTO is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. Example. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNU-XAZjhzA It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer. The solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn and piano. a concerto has three movements: fast, slow, and fast. 4  Three Movements: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist. 2nd Movement: Slow: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. 3rd Movement: Fast: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used. C. SYMPHONY A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”. It is a classical music for the whole orchestra, generally in four movements. Example : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOjHhS5MtvA Four Movements of the Symphony: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form 2nd Movement: Slow: gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation 3rd Movement: Medium/Fast: uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo) 4th Movement: Fast: typically Rondo or Sonata form II. VOCAL FORMS OPERA A drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. Example: Clip only https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuBeBjqKSGQ The two distinct styles of opera, 1. OPERA SERIA 2. OPERA BUFFA OPERA SERIA- The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period. “Idomeneo” by Mozart is an example of Opera Seria OPERA BUFFA - The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire. “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute” are examples of popular Opera Buffa by Mozart. ACTIVITY 1 True or False Directions: Write your answer on the space provided before each number. ______1. Classical music has a heavy but clearer texture than baroque music and is less complex. ______2. The use of style galant in the classical period, which was drawn in opposition to the structures of the baroque style, emphasizing light elegance. ______3. Classical music is mainly polyphonic. 5 ______4. Variety of keys, melodies, rhythms and dynamics (crescendo, diminuendo and sforzando), along with frequent changes of mood and timbre were more commonplace in the classical period than they had been in the Baroque. ______5. A style of broken chord accompaniment was called exposition. ______6. The homophonic style became more preferred than the polyphonic style (many voices) of the previous era. ______7. Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. ______8. The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art. ______9. The classical era also called “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750-1820. ______10.In Classical Period, music is subjective rather than objective. ACTIVITY 2 Directions: Matching Type. Write the letter of your answer in the space provided before each number. Set A Set B ___1.Development A. A multi-movement work for solo instrument. B. A drama set to music where singers and musicians ___2.Opera Buffa perform in a theatrical setting. C. It repeats the theme as they first emerge in the ___3. Sonata opening exposition of the Sonata Allegro form. D. It’s usually implies heroic or tragic drama that ___4.Opera employs mythological characters. E. It the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein ___5. Opera Seria themes are being developed F. An opera which made use of everyday characters and ___6.Recapitulation situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues G. A multi-movement work for orchestra. It is derived ___7.Concerto from the word “Sinfonia.” H. The first part of a composition in sonata allegro form ___8. Classical that introduces the theme. I. A multi-movement work designed for an instrumental ___9. Exposition soloist and orchestra. J. A period which is also called the “ Age of Reason” ___10. Symphony 6 Directions: Choose the correct answer. Write it on the space provided. I have learned that classical era, also called “. ______________1. (Age of Reason, Age of New Era), is the period from ____________2. (20th – 21st century, 1750-1820). The cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in ________________3. (event and places, musical form and styles) were made..The term ____________4. (musical, classical) denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art. Classical music has a __________ 5. (heavier, lighter) clearer texture than baroque music and is less complex. Classical Period has many forms of music. It is divided into Instrumental and Vocal. These are:_____________________6. (sonata, sonata-allegro) which means a multi-movement work for solo instrument,7. _________________(concerto, symphony) a multi- movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. ______________________8. (sonata-allegro, concerto) the most important form that developed during the Classical Era consists of 3 distinct sections. _______________________9. (symphony, sonata) a multi-movement work for orchestra and ____________________10. (opera, cantata) a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. Directions: Define briefly the following terms using your own words. You may use illustrations or example to further explain your answer. 1. CLASSICAL Music - _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. ALBERTI BASS- _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. CRESCENDO and DIMINUENDO- ____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7  4. MELODIC STYLE- ____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. HOMOPHONIC STYLE- ____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. The Classical period established the basis and standardization of modern orchestration and instrumentation. A. Counterpoint C. Harmony B. Dynamics. D. Orchestration 2. The term that denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. A. Continuity C. Advent of the Piano B. Classical D. Melodic Phrase 3. It replace the long lines, figurations and ornamentations styles of Baroque polyphony. A. Dynamics C.Melodic Style B. Orchestration D. Musical Style 4. These were more regular, shorter and clearer than those of the Baroque period. A. Forms C. Musical phrases B. Harmonic Phrase D. Music Style 5. Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as ________________. A. Concerto C. Orchestration B. Classicism D. Revolution 6. The term classical refers to the period that extends roughly from _________. A. 1750 - 1820 C. 1750 -1840 B. 1750 - 1830 D. 1750-1863 7. It is also called as the “Age of Reason”. A. Baroque Period C. Medieval Period B. Classical Period D. Renaissance Period 8. Opera from Italy, which made use of everyday characters and situations and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire. A. Opera C. Opera Seria B. Opera Buffa D. Musical Play 9. Usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters which was inherited from the Baroque period. A. Opera C. Opera Seria B. Opera Buffa D. Musical Play 8 10. First part of a composition in a Sonata Allegro form that introduces the theme. A. Development C. Recapitulation B. Exposition D. Transition 11. This word literally means “ a harmonious sounding together.” A. Opera C. Sonata B. Sinfonia D. Sonata-Allegro 12. What is the correct order of the movements of a Sonata? A. Allegro-Andante-Minuet C. Allegro-Minuet-Andante B. Andante-Allegro-Minuet D. Minuet-Allegro-Andante 13. Which is the correct movements’ combination of a Concerto? A. Fast-Slow-Fast C. Slow-Fast-Fast B. Fast-Fast-Slow D. Slow-Slow-Fast 14. The first movement of a Symphony is in fast tempo. Which among the choices is used as first movement? A. Minuet C. Sonata-Allegro Form B. Scherzo D. Theme and Variation 15. What are the two distinct styles of Classical opera? A. Buffa and Seria C. Zarzuela and Pasyon B. Musical and theatrical D. None of the above References https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Tr0otuiQuU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNU-XAZjhzA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOjHhS5MtvA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuBeBjqKSGQ https://www.rpfuller.com/gcse/music/classical.html https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicappreciation_with_theory/chapter/review-of- classical-era-music/ Solis Ronald V., Lacia Gerardo C., Fabella Mark G. Ed.D.,Callo Lualhati Fernando, Dela Cruz Aileen C, Lacia Ferdilyn C. The 21st MAPEH in ACTION Learners Materials for Music and Arts C rue D T C alse A C F C G Opera D rue Symphony A H B T Allegro A J A 5.C alse Sonata- B I C 4. D F Concerto B C B 3. E rue D Sonata C A 2. B T B Lighter B A 1.A alse A Classical B B Back F F forms and styles A B TRUE Or FALSE E Musical B Looking B ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 1750-1820 C A Reason C TEST Age of B PRE D POST TEST Remember 9