Skin, Hair and Nails - PDF

SKIN HAIR AND NAILS  FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN  Protection  Prevents Penetration  Perception  Temperature Regulation  Identification  Communication  Wound Repair  Absorption and Excretion  Production of Vitamin D  SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS Skin- epide...

SKIN HAIR AND NAILS  FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN  Protection  Prevents Penetration  Perception  Temperature Regulation  Identification  Communication  Wound Repair  Absorption and Excretion  Production of Vitamin D  SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS Skin- epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layers Hair- vellus, terminal Nails- hard, transparent plates of keratinized epidermal cells  HEALTH HISTORY ROS: SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS  Questions to ask the patient?  History of skin disease?  Change in skin color or pigmentation or mole?  Excessive dryness or moisture?  Pruritus (Itching)?  Bruising?  Medications?  Hair loss?  Nail changes?  Environmental or occupational hazards?  Body odor problems?  HISTORY  Past History  Previous problems with skin, hair, nails  Allergic reactions  Family history of skin problems or skin cancer  Lifestyle and health practices  Exposure to sun or chemicals  Daily care of skin, hairs, nails  Usual diet and exercise patterns  CLIENT PREPARATION Ask the client to remove all clothing and jewelry Have the client sit comfortably Ensure privacy Maintain comfortable room temperature  EQUIPMENT Gloves Examination light and penlight Magnifying glass Centimeter ruler Wood’s light Examination gown or drape  INSPECTION AND PALPATION: SKIN  Inspect skin coloration › Pallor, erythema, cyanosis, jaundice  Temperature  Moisture  Texture  check skin integrity Thickness, Edema, Mobility, Turgor  Vascularity and bruising (ecchymosis)  Inspect for lesions  Rash and moles  Pattern, color, characteristics, border  SKIN ASSESSMENT: PALPATION Lesions Texture Temperature and moisture Thickness of skin Mobility and turgor Edema  INSPECTION AND PALPATION: HAIR  Color  Condition  Texture  Distribution  Lesions  Dryness/oily/dandruff  INSPECTION AND PALPATION: NAILS  Shape and Contour  Clubbing  Consistency and color  Check for Capillary refill  SKIN CANCER  Most common of cancers  Risk Factors:  Types:  Basal cell carcinoma  Squamous cell carcinoma  Melanoma  BASAL CELL CARCINOMA  Risk factors:  Most common of the skin cancers  Easily treated in early stage  What to look for?  SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA  Risk factors:  Second most common of the skin cancers  Easily treated in early stage  What to look for?  MELANOMA  Risk factors:  What to look for?  Treatment  ABCDE  RISK REDUCTION IN SKIN CA  Ensure diet is adequate in vitamin B3  Examine the skin for suspected lesions  Use the ABCDE mnemonic to assess suspicious lesions:  Asymmetry  Border  Color  Diameter  Elevation  COMMON CHANGES AGING Skin Pale Skin lesions Dry Loses turgor Hair: Thinner Nails: Thickened, yellow, brittle