SHS General Chemistry 2 - Lesson 1 PDF

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EntertainingMaxwell1753

Uploaded by EntertainingMaxwell1753

Tomas Claudio Colleges

Ms. Via Nicole P. Prado, LPT

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chemistry general chemistry kinetic molecular theory phases of matter

Summary

This document is a lesson plan for General Chemistry 2, covering topics such as kinetic molecular theory, phases of matter, and heat. It includes diagrams and explanations of these concepts.

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MS. VIA NICOLE P. PRADO, LPT SHS TEACHER THE KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY TERMS AND BASIC ASSUMPTIONS A. MOLECULES Molecules are made up of one or more atoms. If they contain more than one atom, the atoms can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxyg...

MS. VIA NICOLE P. PRADO, LPT SHS TEACHER THE KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY TERMS AND BASIC ASSUMPTIONS A. MOLECULES Molecules are made up of one or more atoms. If they contain more than one atom, the atoms can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). B. MOLECULES INTERACT 1. Cohesion forces 2. Adhesion forces C. PHASES OF MATTER SOLIDS Have definite shape and volume Their molecules vibrate at fixed point and move around in equilibrium position. Their density is determined by the masses of the molecules and the spacing between them. Its hardness is dependent on its resistance to forces that tend to push their molecules apart. C. PHASES OF MATTER LIQUIDS Its molecules are not confined to an equilibrium position. Their molecules are close together and bound by cohesive forces that are not as strong as that of solids. C. PHASES OF MATTER LIQUIDS Allowing the molecules to move from place to place within the liquid. The molecular forces are strong enough to give the liquid a definite volume but not strong enough to give it a definite shape (it takes the shape of the container.) C. PHASES OF MATTER GASES Its molecules are acted upon by weak cohesive forces. Its molecules are relatively far apart and move freely in a constant, random motion which often changes as it collides with other molecules. TEMPERATURE The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object – how hot or how cold is something. A. THERMOMETERS An instrument for measuring the hotness or coldness of an object. 1. Dial thermometer 2. Glass thermometer B. THERMOMETERS SCALES 1. FAHRENHEIT SCALE – (named after Physicist Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit) based on the freezing and boiling point of water at normal atmospheric. B. THERMOMETERS SCALES 2. CELSIUS SCALE – (named after astronomer Anders C. Celsius) based on the freezing and boiling point of water at normal atmospheric pressure. HEAT Used to describe the movement of energy between objects of different temperature are brought together. C. MEASURES OF HEAT 1. CALORIE – the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C C. MEASURES OF HEAT 2. KILOCALORIE – the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of water by 1°C C. MEASURES OF HEAT 3. British Thermal Unit (BTU) – the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1lb of water by 1°F HEAT, ENERGY AND MOLECULAR THEORY A. PHASE CHANGE A type of change that takes place when solid/liquid/gas change interchangeably. A. PHASE CHANGE 1. Evaporation – liquid to gas 2. Condensation – gas to liquid 3. Freezing – Liquid to solid 4. Melting – Solid to liquid 5. Sublimation – Solid to gas 6. Deposition – Gas to solid KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER REPRESENT THE SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS THE BOTTLES AND CAPS ARE SOLID, THE COLA IS LIQUID AND THE CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLVED IN A COLA IS A GAS. KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY: OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Kinetic Molecular Theory (also known as Particle Theory) states that all matter is made up particles and these particles are always in motion. Kinetic Molecular Theory is useful in describing the properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases at the molecular level. KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY: 1. Gases are composed of a large number of particles that behave like hard, spherical objects in a state of constant, random motion. 2. These particles move in a straight line until they collide with another particle or the walls of the container. 3. These particles are much smaller than the distance between particles. Most of the volume of a gas is therefore empty space. KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY: 4. There is no force of attraction between gas particle or between the particles and the walls of the container. 5. Collisions between gas particles or collisions with the walls of the container are perfectly elastic. None of the energy of a gas particle is lost when it collides with another particle or with the walls of the container. 6. The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles depends on the temperature of the gas and nothing else. ACTIVITY #1 KINDLY REFER ON YOUR BOOK PP. 6: LESSON ASSESSMENT Through the use of your critical analysis, answer the number 1 question only. Essay will be graded according to the following rubrics: Organization of thoughts - 8 points Connection of ideas to the topic – 2 points Total - 10 points

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