Pat Shipman's The Invaders: Chapters 9 & 10 PDF

[Pat Shipman's The Invaders -- Chapters 9 & 10] **I. Introduction: Wrapping Up Shipman's The Invaders** H sapiens acted as an **invasive species**, Arrival contributed to extinction of Hn Hs material culture and inter-species relations (wolf-dogs) **Lecture Goals: Review key themes from Chapter...

[Pat Shipman's The Invaders -- Chapters 9 & 10] **I. Introduction: Wrapping Up Shipman's The Invaders** H sapiens acted as an **invasive species**, Arrival contributed to extinction of Hn Hs material culture and inter-species relations (wolf-dogs) **Lecture Goals: Review key themes from Chapters 9 and 10.** **II. Chapter 9: \"Guess Who Else is Coming to Dinner?\"** Metabolic Needs and Survival Strategies Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): Higher in Hn due to larger, muscular bodies and colder climates Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE): Hn required more energy than Hs Pregnant Hn woman needed 5,500 cals/day 10 cheeseburgers or 17 orders of chicken nuggets All-meat diet alone insufficient Must have been a veg component in Hn diet despite limited preservation of plant remains in record **Stone Tool Technologies:** Hn relied on handheld tools, focusing on close-range ambush hunting w/ min projectile capabilities Hs developed L-D projectile weapons, improving hunting efficiency/reducing physical risk​ **Tailored Clothing and Advanced Shelters:** Hs used bone needles to make fitted clothing from hides, better suited for harsh climates Hn, lacking needles, wore untailored animal hides, offering less thermal protection​ Archaeo evidence shows Hs built more efficient hearths and shelters, reducing energy expenditure **Resource Competition and Ecological Impact** Both species targeted large herbivores (reindeer and mammoths) Predator Guild Competition: Arrival of humans incr competition among apex predators Both Hn and Hs used stone tools to remove meat/crack bones for marrow, **III. Chapter 10: \"Bearing Up Under Competition Pressure\"** Case Study: Cave Bears and Competition for Resources Cave Bears were herbivores but competed with humans for shelter in caves Hs hunted cave bears during hibernation, indicated by cut marks on bones. As human populations increased, bear remains decreased in archaeological sites​ **Innovations in Material Culture and Control of Resources** Hs pop Growth and Cultural Change: Aurignacian period (40--30,000 BP) Gravettian period (30--22,000 BP) Homo sapiens displayed complex material culture: Cave art, Venus figurines, bone flutes, and advanced blade tools Symbolic behavior and new tech Mammoth bones scavenged and used for constructing shelters Furs from wolves and foxes repurposed for clothing **Control Over Carcasses**: Hs could kill and defend large prey from other predators, **Hn disadvantages and decline** Neanderthals faced several disadvantages: High metabolic demands and inefficient clothing. Reliance on handheld weapons rather than projectiles. Loss of wooded habitats, Combined with intense competition / climate changes, **IV. Broader Significance for Archaeology** Role of material culture and social relations in human adaptation Bone needles, stone tools, figurines: how early humans responded to envt'l challenges / competed **Hypothesis-Testing in Archaeology** Resource overlap hypothesis explains Hn extinction Approach mirrors other historical sciences, **V. Contemporary Relevance: Climate Change and Environmental Challenges** Lessons from Neanderthal Extinction for Modern Challenges Rigid Subsistence Strategies: Hn reliance on large prey made them vulnerable to envt'l changes highlighting the need for flexibility in resource use. Human Adaptability: Ability of Hs to diversify diets and innovate tools mirrors today's need for adaptive responses to climate chang. Invasive Species and Environmental Disruption PS's concept of humans as invasive species invites comparisons to mod ecological issues Cooperation and Resource Management Success of Hs was rooted in cooperation, innovation, and adaptability ---qualities essential for addressing today's environmental challenges. Community-based conservation efforts offer a model for managing resources sustainably **VI. Conclusion and Wrap-Up** Why Did Neanderthals Go Extinct? Key Takeaway: Adaptability and innovation essential for survival Final Thought: Archaeology offers insights into human-environment interactions,