Summary

This document provides detailed anatomical descriptions of the respiratory system, from the trachea to the alveoli. It includes descriptions of different structures and tissues involved, accompanied by diagrams. The document is suitable for a biology student studying respiratory system anatomy.

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Lab 5 Mohammad Ali Alkaliyl Mohammad Ali Alkaliyl Ghada Abu el Ghanam Trachea 3 3 2...

Lab 5 Mohammad Ali Alkaliyl Mohammad Ali Alkaliyl Ghada Abu el Ghanam Trachea 3 3 2 5 4 3 1 5 3 Esophagus 4 1> C shaped Hyaline Cartilage 2> Respiratory Epithelium (Ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells) 3> Submucosa rich with Seromucous glands 4> Adventitia 5> Fibromuscular membrane contains tracheales muscle 3 Trachealis 4 A 1 1 B 5 C D ** 7 6 Here we can see: A> Mucosa ** it is an oblique section that’s 1> Epithelium containing Goblet cells why we can see multiple 2> Basal lamina cartilages in the same section 3> Lamina propria B> Submucosa 4> Blood vessels 5> Connective tissue C> Cartilage 6> Hyaline cartilage: note that Its look’s basophilic although it has high content of eosinophilic collagen because it’s rich with sulphated GAGs. 7> Perichondrium (thicker toward adventitia) D> Adventitia 1 Epithelium Lamina propria Submucosa contains: Perichondrium 1> Blood vessels 2> A lot of mucous 2 glands Hyaline cartilage 2 Cilia Seromucous glands: 1> Serous glands: darkly stained & their cytoplasm is filled with granules 1 2> Mucous glands: lightly stained because mucous is washed during preparation Perichondrium Cartilage Perichondrium: Inner cellular & Outer fibrous The outer side of the cartilage shoes adventitia that blends with the Adventitia surrounding connective tissue and it contains blood vessels. *Here it is thick while from the esophagus side it is very thin. lumen Thick Basal lamina (basement membrane) Cilia Lamina propria Epithelium with clear goblet cells Submucosa Seromucous glands Seromucous glands Hyaline Cartilage perichondrium Adventitia Artery Vein Bronchi (singular bronchus) Lamina propria Epithelium Seromucous glands perichondrium It has Hyaline Cartilage plates and not surrounded by Adventitia blends with the lung tissue; so, it is either the surrounding CT primary or secondary bronchi This is not primary nor secondary bronchi, why? Primary & secondary (lobar) bronchi are Lung 5 considered extra pulmonary bronchi while the 3 tissue bronchi from tertiary (segmental) till terminal 1 Lumen bronchi are considered intra pulmonary bronchi because they are surrounded by lung tissue. 2 3 4 It also seems to be it seems to be one of the early-stage (post tertiary) bronchi because as we go down, we will have less, smaller, & thinner A cartilage plates. B 5 A> Mucosa 1> Respiratory Epithelium 2> Lamina propria containing smooth muscles. B> submucosa 3> glands 4> cartilage segments 5> MALT There is NO intra pulmonary Adventitia. Bronchiole lined with simple columnar EP; it has smaller cells & its nuclei are in one row. Respiratory epithelium Lamina propria Smooth muscle B Lung Malt tissue Blood vessels Goblet cell lumen Respiratory Epithelium MALT Basement membrane Lamina propria HC Smooth muscles Seromucous gland Tertiary Segmental Intra pulmonary bronchus: Lung tissue It has big numerous cartilage plates Folded respiratory epithelium Smooth muscles Adjacent segmental bronchi Thick Tunica media Tunica adventitia Lun Medium sized g ti artery ssu e Small artery It has cartilage but little amount, so it is a small bronchus Simple columnar ciliated epithelium *Simple columnar epithelium starts appearing at the level of small bronchi & extends to primary bronchioles. small bronchus Smooth muscular layer with high elastic fibers content starts increasing taking place of cartilage to maintain the structure. Bronchioles Conducting bronchioles Conducting bronchioles starts from first bronchiole till terminal bronchiole and at this level, we have no cartilage; smooth muscles instead, and we have no submucosal glands Alveoli Star shaped bronchiole Simple columnal because this section was ciliated epithelium Blood vessel taken at the level where terminal bronchi is branching into smaller bronchioles. U can see that cilia is still appearing although we don’t have goblets among epithelium, to prevent mucus from sliding backward towards the alveoli. Cilia Big bronchiole Smooth Simple columnal Blood vessel Alveoli muscle ciliated epithelium Respiratory bronchioles, Alveolar ducts, and Alveoli Bronchial wall Pulmonary artery Alv eo Alveolus la rd uc Alveolar t sac Club or Clara cell (non-ciliated) Smooth muscle Simple cuboidal Clara cell ciliated epithelium A: alveoli AS: Alveolar sac AD: alveolar duct RB: respiratory bronchiole BV: blood vessels BV AD A AS AD BV BV AS RB small artery BV Respiratory bronchiole open into alveolar duct AD RB Pleura Inter alveolar septum A BV A AS A AD A A A A A AS BV AS Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar capillary has thicker wall The epithelium of the Alveoli that forms the alveolar sac, and the alveolar duct is simple squamous epithelium made majorly by type I pneumocytes & minorly by type II surfactant secreting cells Alveolar type I cell (type I pneumocyte) Capillary Alveolar type I cell (type I pneumocyte) Alveolar type II cell (type II pneumocyte) Inter Alveolar surfactant Alveolar type II cell septum (type II pneumocyte) surfactant Important slide Mesothelium of visceral pleura secretes pleural (serous) fluid BV BV Simple cuboidal of Alveolar macrophage Connective tissue containing bronchus wall =dust cell collagen elastic fibers ‫ﺗﻣ ت ﻛ ﺗﺎﺑﺔ ھ ذ ا اﻟﺷ ﯾت ﺻ دﻗﺔ ﺟ ﺎر ﯾﺔ ﻋ ن ر و ح و اﻟد ة ز ﻣ ﯾﻠﻧ ﺎ ﻋ ﻣ ر و ر اﺋد ﻣ ن دﻓﻌ ﺔ ﺗﯾﺟ ﺎن‬ ‫د ﻋ و ا ﺗ ﻛ م ﻟﮭ ﺎ ﺑ ﺎ ﻟر ﺣ ﻣ ﺔ و اﻟﻣ ﻐ ﻔر ة‬ Thank you

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