Dental Anatomy Revision Sheet 14 PDF

14 Ahmad Al-Nsour Nadeen Ramadan Ahmad Al-Nsour Nadeen Ramadan Aseel sharaireh  Anatomy of the head “revision” ❖ The face is similar to scalp by being composed of 5 layers: 1- The skin: The outer most coverage of all about face 2- The subcutaneous layer ; Made of fat and...

14 Ahmad Al-Nsour Nadeen Ramadan Ahmad Al-Nsour Nadeen Ramadan Aseel sharaireh  Anatomy of the head “revision” ❖ The face is similar to scalp by being composed of 5 layers: 1- The skin: The outer most coverage of all about face 2- The subcutaneous layer ; Made of fat and facia of skin 3- Muscularaponeurotic layer - Basically, innervation of nerves and muscles create apparent of the facial expression in the face. 4- Loose areolar tissue (spaces and retaining ligaments): some muscles , ligaments and include the deep fat 5- The fixed periosteum and deep fascia ❖ innervation? - The musculoaponeurotic layer “important” 1. Innervation of blood 2. Sensory nerve supply of the face 3. Trigeminal ganglion (inside the skull) and its branches …………………………………………………………………………………. ❖The skull o Bone of the neurocranium (The skull & what covers the brain) Cranial bone: 1. Frontal 2. Paraietal (2) 3. Occipital 4. Temporal (2) 5. Sphenoid 6. Ehtmoid Note: You just need you to know the location of the anatomical landmarks that the doctor mention in the lecture. o Bone of the viscerocranium (The composition of the face) Facial bone: 1. Vomer 2. Inferior nasal conacha (2) 3. Nasal (2) 4. Zygomatic (2) 5. Maxilla (2) ‫ا‬ ‫مثًل لو اجت صور مثل هيك باالمتحان الزم تكون قادر تحدد‬ 6. Mandible.‫الىل بالشيت‬ ‫باق الصور ي‬ ‫كل جزء شو بمثل ونفس الكالم عىل ي‬ * For TMJ area ❖ Gomphosis: very specific to the dental part, this joint connects the teeth to the bone throw the periodontal ligament and it’s only found in our teeth. Some of the main sutures of the skull are : 1. Sagittal suture in the midline between the parietal bone 2. Coronal suture between the frontal bone and the parietal bones 3. Lambdoidal suture between parietal bones and the occipital bone 4. Squamosal suture between the temporal and parietal bone. MOST IMPORTANT TO KNOW ARE THE FIRST FOUR! 5. Metopic suture: between the frontal bones, goes down from the midline of the frontal bones; rarely seen in adults because it fuses in childhood; there may be a remnant at the glabella (the smooth part of the forehead above and between the eyebrows). 6. Sphenosquamous suture: between the sphenoid bone and anterior border of the squamous part of the temporal bone. 7. Sphenofrontal suture: between the sphenoid and frontal bones; 8. Parietomastoid suture: between the parietal bone and the mastoid part of the temporal bone. 9. Sphenoparietal suture: between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone. 10. Occipitomastoid suture: between the occipital bone and the mastoid part of the temporal bone. Bone of the viscerocranium “facial bone” Part of the maxillary sinus. - Mandible bone: For mylohyoid muscle attachment. Allowed the Contains the sublingual gland and attachment of part of the submandibular gland. pterygoid muscle. An important attachment for the mental muscle. Contains the sublingual gland. - Maxillary bone: Infra orbital N & A & V Continuous with zygomatic bone. p Separate the palatine process of the Separate the teeth maxillary bone from the palatine process from each other. of the palatine bone in the skull. Imp for anesthesia Separate the palatine Between incisors. process from each other. Nasopalatine N pass through to supply I & C Remember: The orbit is made of different bones:  Cavities Of the Skull o Cranial Fossae (, Middle and Posterior) o Orbital cavity o Nasal cavity o Oral cavity o Paranasal Sinuses (The sinus spaces) ▪ Frontal sinus ▪ Maxillary sinus (Largest) ▪ Sphenoidal sinus ▪ Ethmoidal sinus (3 sinuses) Note : it’s the most important sinus because it’s located just above both of PM & M. So u as a dentist should be aware while - Paranasal sinuses: extracting them o Air filled spaces with mucus lining to moisturize the air. o All paranasal sinuses open into the nasal cavity. o Reduces the wight of the skull. Note: As a person ages, the roots of the maxillary molars can sometimes extend close to or into the maxillary sinus due to natural changes in the jawbone, that’s very important to know if you’re going to extract the tooth or if you’re doing a root canal treatment, as it can significantly impact the treatment and potential complications that may occur.” Muscles of the face: As we said before about anatomical landmarks, you must be - Total muscles of the face: 42 able to identify the muscles when you see a picture of them. - You can make more than 100000 facial expressions Extraocular: - Oblique (inferior, superior), - Rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral), - Levator palpebrae superioris (superior tarsal) ‫ا‬ ‫مثًل لو اجت صورة مثل هيك باالمتحان الزم‬ ‫تكون قادر تحدد كل عضلة شو اسمها ونفس‬.‫الىل بالشيت‬ ‫باق الصور ي‬ ‫الكالم عىل ي‬ o Masticatory: - Masseter - Temporalis (sphenomandibularis) - Pterygoid (lateral, medial) And Fascia (masseteric, temporal) Accessory masticatory muscle : buccinator Muscles of mastication, you have to know their names they are very important the doctor always ask about them. o Facial: - Ear: Auricular (anterior, superior, posterior), Temporoparietalis - Scalp/ Eyelid: Occipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis, Orbicularis oculi , depressor supercilii, Corrugator supercilii, Levator palpebrae superioris. - Nose: Procerus, Nasalis, Dilator naris, Depressor septi nasi, Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, o Mouth: - Levator anguli oris, Levator labii superioris, Zygomaticus (major, minor) - Orbicularis oris, Risorius, Buccinator - Depressor anguli oris, Depressor labii inferioris, Mentalis, Transversus menti. You must know the location of each muscle. o Soft palate: Veli palatini (tensor, levator), Musculus uvulae, Palatopharyngeus, Palatoglossus. o Tongue: - Extrinsic: Genioglossus, Hyoglossus(chondroglossus), Styloglossus, Palatoglossus - Intrinsic: Superior longitudinal, Inferior longitudinal, Transverse, Vertical. Why do many of dental patients suffer a vasovagal syncope ? Vasovagal syncope : it’s caused when the patient is exposed to emotional distress or ( since the tongue and palate are innervate by vagus nerve ) sometimes due to your work in that area kind of stimulates it. This will overstimulate the vagus nerve therefore the heart rate and blood pressure falls suddenly which leads to fainting. Vagus : gives branches to the heart. Doctora said that at least 2 The innervation of the tongue in olives the following questions are coming from here nerves: 1. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, except the palatoglossus muscle. 2. The palatoglossus muscle is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X). 3. The lingual nerve (a branch of the mandibular nerve CN V3) provides general sensory innervation to the anterior two- thirds of the tongue. 4. The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) provides general sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue. The soft palate is innervated by both motor and sensory nerves: 1. The motor innervation of the muscles of the soft palate is mainly by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X), except for the tensor veli palatini muscle. (By trigeminal) 2. the tensor veli palatini muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3). 3. The sensory innervation of the soft palate is by the lesser palatine nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V2)  Blood supply Branches of external carotid artery Rich blood supply of the face from mainly two arteries: - Facial artery - Superficial temporal arteries They end up with an anastomosis ( delicate innervation). -Internal carotid artery branches you need to know: 1. Supra-orbital artery. 2. Supratrochlear artery. They anastomose with the facial artery last bits (angular artery) So it’s a dangerous area. Nervous innervation of the face o Trigeminal → 3 branches (Ophthalmic: sensory, Maxillary: sensory, Mandibular: mainly sensory but it does have motor innervation for mastication muscles) o Facial (motor) ‫‪Revision..‬‬ ‫البطاطس البطاطس… سخنة خالص سخنة خالص‬ ‫‪Goodluck‬‬