SHS Business Ethics Module 5 PDF

SHS S BUSINESS ETHICS Module 5 Business Ethics Grade 12: Module 5 First Edition, 2021 Copyright © 2021 La Union Schools Division Region I All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners....

SHS S BUSINESS ETHICS Module 5 Business Ethics Grade 12: Module 5 First Edition, 2021 Copyright © 2021 La Union Schools Division Region I All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners. Development Team of the Module Author: Mary Grace G. Bambao, T III Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II Management Team: Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr. Schools Division Superintendent Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D Assistant Schools Division Superintendent German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS Lorna O. Gaspar, EPS in Charge of ABM Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II  Target A belief system is an ideology or set of principles that helps us to interpret our everyday reality. This could be in the form of religion, political affiliation, philosophy or spirituality, among many other things. These beliefs are shaped and influenced by a number of different factors. Our knowledge on a certain topic, the way we were raised, and even peer pressure from others can help to create and even change our belief systems. The conviction that come from these systems are a way for us to make sense of the world around us and to define our role within it. In your previous lesson, it was illustrated how philosophies were reflected in business practices. This module will provide you with information and activities that will help you deepen your knowledge and understanding how belief systems influence business practices. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Identify the different belief systems 2. Explain how these belief systems influence business practices Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer the pretest on the next page in a separate sheet of paper  Lesson 1 Belief Systems Jumpstart For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activities. Have fun and good luck! Activity 1: Read Me! Understand Me! Directions: Read the belief system description and characteristics. Understand what you are reading. Religions and belief systems areFigure 1 important parts of culture around the world. Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism were among world’s eight major religions. Also, in our global world, business means dealing with people of different belief systems and ignoring or misinterpreting these beliefs can cause serious problems. Understanding how the world’s religions approach business ethics encourage tolerance and understanding. Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world, with more than 2 billion followers. The Christian faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Hinduism is the world’s oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years. Today, with about 900 million followers, Hinduism is the third-largest religion behind Christianity and Islam. Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. Although its roots go back further, scholars typically date the creation of Islam to the 7th century, making it the youngest of the major world religions. Islam started in Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia, during the time of the prophet Muhammad’s life. Today, the faith is spreading rapidly throughout the world. Buddhism is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (“the Buddha”) more than 2,500 years ago in India. With about 470 million followers, scholars consider Buddhism one of the major world religions. Its practice has historically been most prominent in East and Southeast Asia, but its influence is growing in the West. Many Buddhist ideas and philosophies overlap with those of other faiths. Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years. Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets. The history of Judaism is essential to understanding the Jewish faith, which has a rich heritage of law, culture and tradition. Confucianism is based entirely on kindness, mutual respect and an appreciation for character virtues. It is founded on the belief that society can flourish only when people learn to interact positively with each other. Taoism is regarded as the oldest of China's three religion-philosophies (Confucianism and Buddhism are the other two). Taoism has both a philosophical and a religious tradition in China. Although philosophical Taoism flourished early in the fifth century B.C. Shintoism has been a major part of Japanese life and culture throughout the country's history, but for the greater part of that history Shinto has shared its spiritual, cultural, and political roles with Buddhism and Confucianism. It has its origin dating back to the 1000 BC. Early records don’t refer to a unified or organized religion that we now recognize as Shintoism. Instead it is a collection of native beliefs and mythology, with its roots in worshipping nature and natural objects ranging from trees, lakes, mountains, flowers, and rocks. Directions: 4Pics1Word. Carefully analyze the pictures in every number, then write the correct religious belief system on the space above each group of pictures. 1. _________________________ 2. _________________________ 3. ______________________ 4. _____________________ 5. _______________________ Discover Belief systems are something that affect our everyday lives. They are commonly associated with religions. A religious belief system is usually structured around a moral code, the belief of one or more deities, and the ability for supernatural occurrences to affect us in the universe that we exist in. A spiritual belief system is closely related to this, but it is not structured. Some choose to believe in an after-life and follow a moral code of conduct but do not affiliate with a particular church or denomination. Since it affects the way a person views the world and defines how they treat others, it still counts as a belief system. Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, Confucianism, Taoism and Shinto. These are the world’s eight major religions. Each has its own organized system of beliefs, ceremonies and worship and each offers prescription for positive endeavor in both life-and in business. Impact of Christianity on Business Practice Jesus warns against greed, an excessive anxiety toward future needs, and in serving money instead of serving God. Human dignity and concern and for persons are crucial in Christianity. Basic Beliefs: There is one God, and Jesus was crucified but was resurrected. Followers reach salvation by following the teachings of Jesus. This religion stresses a sense of justice in business, such as the strict observance of contracts, observing regulations and working for the sake of the common good. Figure 2 Impact of Hinduism on Business Practice Hinduism, the first of the five religions based on ancient Asian cultures, is a cluster of religious traditions that evolved in India between 3,000 and 1,500 B.C. Today, there are about 780 million followers. Basic Beliefs: Souls continue to be reborn. The cycle of rebirth ends only when the soul achieves enlightenment, or freedom from earthly desires. When it comes to business, we can make two observations: Hinduism has a positive attitude towards business and creating wealth, yet wealth is not the supreme goal. Ethics (dharma) and salvation (moksha) are Figure 3 more important. Impact of Islam on Business Practice Islam, with more than 1 billion practitioners, is the second largest religion in the world and growing. The history of Islam started with Muhammad, who was born in Mecca around 570 A.D. Muhammad believed in one God, Allah, and recorded his divine revelations in the Koran. Several Islam business scholars agree that a central concept of the religion is tawhid, or unity with God. Life is unified because it provides the practical way to pattern all facets of human life in accordance with God’s will. Figure 4 Basic Beliefs: There is one God. Followers must follow the Five Pillars of Islam in order to achieve salvation. 1. Shahadah – Bearing witness that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet 2. Salat – Praying five times daily 3. Zakat – Giving charity or alms to those in need 4. Sawm – Fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. Hajj – Making pilgrimage to Mecca Business is included and should be run according to the laws of nature dictated by God. Impact of Buddhism on Business Practice Buddhism, is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, called “Buddha” or “The Enlightened One” which began in India around 560 B.C. and searches to find relief for human suffering. Basic beliefs: People reach enlightenment, or wisdom by following the Eightfold Path and understanding the Four Noble Truths. The Eightfold Path 1. Right View or Right Understanding: Insight into the Figure 5 true nature of reality 2. Right Intention: The unselfish desire to realize enlightenment 3. Right Speech: Using speech compassionately 4. Right Action: Using ethical conduct to manifest compassion 5. Right Livelihood: Making a living through ethical and nonharmful means 6. Right Effort: Cultivating wholesome qualities and releasing unwholesome qualities 7. Right Mindfulness: Whole body-and-mind awareness 8. Right Concentration: Meditation or some other dedicated, concentrated practice Four Noble Truth 1. Truth of suffering 2. Truth of the cause of suffering 3. Truth of the end of suffering 4. Truth of the way that leads to the end of suffering or Nirvana In business, Buddhists search for the “right livelihood” and are generally against companies that do not care for the environment or that abuse animals. Impact of Judaism on Business Practice Judaism has 15 million adherents, started with the original covenant made between God and Abraham around 1900 B.C. The main source for understanding business ethics in Judaism is the Torah. “The legitimacy of business activity and profit, conducted within a framework of religious and ethical norms, is one of the guiding principles for business ethics highlighted in the Jewish tradition”. Basic Beliefs: There is one God. People serve God by living according to his teachings. God handed down the Ten Commandments to guide human behavior. Figure 6 In Judaism, work, including manual of work, is held in great esteem, like a sort of human partnership with the divine. Impact of Confucianism on Business Practice Confucianism, one of the three traditional religions of China, along with Taoism and Buddhism, is based on the teachings of Confucius during 5th and 6th century B.C. According to Confucius, “A gentleman takes as much trouble to discover what is right as lesser men take to discover what will pay.” Confucius emphasizes that profit in business is acceptable as long as it is acquired with righteousness. Figure 7 Impact of Taoism on Business Practice Taoism coexists with Confucianism in China. It seeks to promote the inner peace of individuals and harmony with their surroundings. “Tao” could be translated as “path” or the “the way.” It’s like a force that flows through life and pervades all things. In business, Taoism encourages companies to nourish people, and the aim should not be personal success or gain, but the common good. According to Tao Te Ching, “Fill your bowl to the brim and it will spill…Do your work, then step back.” Figure 8 Impact of Shintoism on Business Practice Shinto, which is inextricably tied to the origin and development of Japan was derived from the Chinese words Shin Tao (the ways of gods). Started in 500 B.C., the religions focus on the worship of the kami, a host of supernatural and mysterious beings (natural deities) that can be known through forms, such as objects of nature, or abstract creative forces just as justice or remarkable people. In business, Shinto emphasizes benefits for the group which is like a family. Figure 9  Explore Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson. Enrichment Activity 1: Find the religion origin on the Map! The world’s eight major religions are Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, Confucianism, Taoism and Shinto. In every religion or belief system it has an impact on the business practice. Can you identify them? What you need: World map/Globe Pen/pencil What you have to do: Locate from the globe where each religion originated. Write the name of the religion in the appropriate continent it belongs then identify the impact of it in business. Figure 10 Assessment 1 Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Write the correct word/s from the choices inside the parenthesis which best define or describe the given word. 1. Shinto: the ways of gods; Tao: _______________ (enlightened, legitimacy, path) 2. Right action: ethical conduct; _________________: Meditation (right concentration, right speech, right view) 3. Islam: _______________; Shintoism: kami (enlightenment, salvation, tawhid) 4. Buddhism: ________________; Taoism: nourish people (divine partnership, family emphasis, right livelihood) 5. Torah: Judaism; Five pillars: ______________ (Buddhism, Christianity, Islam) Enrichment Activity 2: Photograph Analysis 1. Analyze the three traditional religions of China. 2. Take note of its basic beliefs and influence on the business. Figure 11- Buddhism Figure 12- Confucianism Figure 13- Taoism Assessment 2 Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters below to form the correct word. Use these words to complete the paragraph below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. A. THGIR LIDOHOELIV - _______________________________ B. MONMOC OGOD - _______________________________ C. THADSIDHAR TAUMAAG - _______________________________ D. TRIFOP - _______________________________ E. TEMENTNENLIGH - _______________________________ Figure 11 was based on the teachings of (1) __________________________ which basic belief for people is to reach (2)___________________________ and search for the (3)______________________________. Figure 12 coexist with Figure 13 in China. In business Taoism encourages companies to nourish people and the aim should be for the (4)____________________________ while Confucius emphasizes that (5)________________________________ in business is acceptable as long as it is acquired with righteousness. Great job! You have understood the lesson Deepen At this point, let us dig deeper your understanding of the lesson by describing Gawad Kalinga and the work it has been doing in the Philippines. What you need Clean sheet of paper/s Pen/s What you have to do 1. Write your point of view by describing what you know about Gawad Kalinga as the brainchild of some entrepreneur and the work it has been doing in the Philippines in a separate sheet of paper. 2. Describe what belief system it follows and cite some evidences illustrating this belief from their work.  Rubrics for Scoring the Output Criteria 1 2 3 4 The essay is The essay is The essay is The essay poorly focused on focused on focused, Focus/Main addresses topic topic and the topic and purposeful, and Point and includes includes few includes reflects clear irrelevant ideas loosely relevant ideas insight and related ideas ideas Persuasively Supports Supports supports main Provides little or no main point main point point with Support support for the with some with well- main point underdevelo developed developed ped reasons reasons reasons and/or and/or and/or examples examples examples Organization Effectively Little or no Some & Format Organizes organizes ideas organization of organization ideas to build to build a ideas to build an of ideas to (Paragraphs, an argument logical, argument build an Transitions) coherent argument argument Effective and Little or no use of creative use of Language Use, elements of style Some use of Appropriate elements of Style & elements of use of style to enhance Conventions Many errors in style elements of meaning grammar, style (Sentence spelling, and Contains Uses correct structure, word punctuation, frequent Uses correct grammar, choice, makes reader’s errors in grammar, spelling, grammar, comprehension grammar, spelling, and punctuation spelling, difficult spelling, and punctuation throughout punctuation) punctuation with few with very few errors errors Distinctive Sufficient experimentatio experimentat n with No Very little ion with language and Originality experimentation experimentat language usage to nor enhancement ion to and usage to enhance (Expression of of concepts enhance enhance concepts the theme in a concepts concepts creative way) No adherence to Applies higher the theme Does not Applies order thinking exhibit basic and creative creativity creative skills to relay skills to complex ideas relay ideas  Gauge Directions: Read carefully each item. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Write only the letter of the best answer for each test item. 1. Which of the following belief system of religion is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama? A. Buddhism B. Confucianism C. Hinduism D. Shintoism 2. Which of the following belief system was inextricably tied to the origin and development of Japan? A. Christian B. Hindu C. Shinto D. Tao 3. What belief system coexists with Confucianism? A. Buddhism B. Hinduism C. Shintoism D. Taoism 4. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group? A. Right Concentration B. Right Mindfulness C. Right Understanding D. Truth of Suffering 5. What belief system nourishes people and aim not to focus on personal success but for the common good? A. Christianity B. Hinduism C. Judaism D. Taoism 6. What is the emphasis of Confucius regarding acquiring profit? A. Enlightenment B. Nourishment C. Righteousness D. Tactfulness 7. What belief system emphasizes on benefits for the group which is like a family? A. Christian B. Hindu C. Tao D. Shinto 8. What belief system considers that when it comes to business, it has positive attitude towards wealth but emphasizes more on ethics and salvation? A. Buddhism B. Hinduism C. Shintoism D. Taoism 9. What records Muhammad’s divine revelations? A. Bible B. Kojiki C. Koran D. Tripitaka 10. What belief system said that “life is unified because it provides the practical way to pattern all facets of human life in accordance with God’s will? A. Buddhism B. Christianity C. Islam D. Taoism 11. What belief system stresses out for a sense of justice in business, such as the strict observance of contracts and observing regulations? A. Buddhism B. Christianity C. Hinduism D. Shintoism 12. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the Five Pillars of Islam? A. Salat B. Sawm C. Zalat D. Zakat 13. What belief system emphasizes work, including manual of work as a great esteem like a sort of human partnership with the divine? A. Buddhism B. Judaism C. Shintoism D. Taoism 14. What term refers to a set of ideology or set of principles which helps people to interpret everyday reality? A. Belief System B. Business Conduct C. Code of Conduct D. Manual of Contract 15. Which of the following Eightfold Path uses ethical conduct to manifest compassion? A. Right Action B. Right Effort C. Right Intention D. Right Speech References A. Books: Aliza Racelis. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. 2017. 84-86 P. Florentino St., Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City. Rex Book Store, Inc. 47-70 March. B. Online and Electronic Sources: Images. Accessed 25 July 20202 https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images Effect of Religion in Business Ethics. Accessed 24 July 2020. https://www.scribd.com/presentation/128802393/Impact-of-Religion-on-Business-Ethics Religious and Belief System. Accessed 24 July 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/SandyAnthony1/232-religions-and-belief-systems www.learnreligions.com/the-eightfold-path-450067 https://www.history.com/topics/religion/history-of-christianity Hinduism image. Accessed 25 July 2020. https://www.history.com/topics/religion/hinduism Islam image. Accessed 25 July 2020. https://www.history.com/topics/religion/islam Buddhism image. Accessed 25 July 2020. https://www.history.com/topics/religion/buddhism Judaism image. Accessed 24 July 2020. https://www.history.com/topics/religion/judaism Confucius definition of beliefs and history. Accessed 24 July 2020. https://study.com/academy/lesson/confucianism-definition-beliefs-history.html Details about China. Accessed 24 July 2020. http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat3/sub10/entry- 5576.html History of Shintoism. Accessed 24 July 2020. https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/history/history_1.shtml History of Shintoism. Accessed 24 July 2020. https://asianinspirations.com.au/experiences/history- of-shintoism/ Answer Key Jumpstart 1. Buddhism 2. Islam 3. Christianity 4. Shintoism 5. Taoism Explore Assessment 1 1. path 2. right concentration 3. tawhid 4. right livelihood 5. Islam Assessment 2 For Jumbled Letters Fill in the Blanks A. Right Livelihood 1. Siddhartha Gautama B. Common Good 2. Enlightenment C. Siddhartha Gautama 3. Right conduct D. Profit 4. Common good E. Enlightenment 5. Profit Deepen Subjective, depends on the answer and guided by the rubrics Gauge 1. A 8. B 15. A 2. C 9. C 3. D 10. C 4. D 11. B 5. D 12. C 6. C 13. B 7. C 14. A