Ethics (1) PDF

Direction: Read each statement below and evaluate which of the choices is being described by the statement. ______ 1. A form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment a. Business Ethics c. Re...

Direction: Read each statement below and evaluate which of the choices is being described by the statement. ______ 1. A form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment a. Business Ethics c. Religion b. Ethics d. Belief System ______ 2. A branch of Philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. a. Business Ethics c. Religion b. Ethics d. Belief System ______ 3. A set of principles or tenets which together form the basis of a religion, philosophy, or moral code. a. Business Ethics c. Religion b. Ethics d. Belief System ______ 4. Defined as a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs. a. Business Ethics c. Religion b. Ethics d. Belief System ______ 5. He is best known for the Socratic method of question and answer. He is known for his classic philosophy, “HAVE THE COURAGE TO ______ 6. His prime belief was that a person must study themselves in order to find out their level of character. His classic philosophy is “THE POWER TO RULE.” a. Socrates c. Aristotle b. Confucius d. Plato 7.Fill in the blank: In ___________, the Jewish business ethics is illustrated by the widely quoted Talmudic tradition. Thus, in the treatment of workers, the Jews are obliged to pay their workers on time, pay their workers a living wage and treat their workers with dignity and respect. On the side of the workers, it is important not to steal company time. a. Christianity c. Muslim and non-Muslim b. Judaism d. 8.Fill in the blank: In Islam, Prophet Muhammad’s on honesty and kind dealings with customers are the secrets of success in business. It also requires being honest in dealings with ______________ alike. a. Christianity c. Muslim and non-Muslim b. Judaism d. Islam 9. A mother offers her daughter’s friend food to eat and a room to spend the night. a. Utang na loob c. Hard work b. Hospitality d. Padrino 10. Mario’s driver’s license is processed immediately by his godfather, an LTO personnel. Business ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. As an applied branch of General Ethics, it must be studied from the perspective of Philosophy. This is because Ethics is a part of moral principles. Ethics is more concerned with standards of conduct acceptable to a group, a profession, or The philosophies of these Classical Philosophers have great implications on business and are the foundations of the principles of the business ethics. Socrates He is known for his classic philosophy, “HAVE THE COURAGE TO DISAGREE.” He is best known for the Socratic method of question and answer. The Socratic method is a way of thinking that allows individuals to define their own purpose for learning. In business, administrators ought Plato’s classic philosophy THE POWER TO RULE. His prime belief was that a person must study themselves in order to find out their level of character. He is acclaimed for his choices regarding the matter of the real world. In business, it is constantly vital to know the qualities and Aristotle’s classic philosophy LET PEOPLE SEEK FULFILLMENT. He was the most practical and business oriented of all philosophers. In business, the association must give and condition that is conducive to human development and satisfaction. Confucius The most famous for his golden rule: DO NOT DO UNTO OTHERS WHAT YOU DONOT WANT OTHERS DO UNTO YOU, and his famous classic philosophy is LIVE ACONTENTED, MORAL AND HAPPY LIFE. Confucian values can aid in the creationof Plutarch The ancient Greek historian and educator, understood that humans are incredibly social creatures, who constantly observe the people around them and imitate them. He is famous in his philosophy, “BE A GOOD ROLE MODEL.” In organizational terms, it means, what you say to your employees is less important than what you do. They will watch how you behave, how you treat others, how you cope with pressure and whether you follow through on your promises, and they will imitate you, they will follow your Epicurus THE ART OF HAPPINESS. Epicurus was a fourth century Greek philosopher who taught, rather scandalously, that the aim of life was simply to be as happy as possible here on Earth. He warned that humans are very bad at being happy, and very good at inventing reasons to be miserable. Today, some companies a reembracing Epicurus' philosophy, and trying to teach their Immanuel Kant One of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. He advances the theory of deontology or deontological ethics, the theory of duty and Direction. Identify the following. Write your answers on your activity notebook. Confucius Epicurus Aristotle Plato Plutarch Socrates __________________ 1. He was the most practical and business oriented of all philosophers. His classic philosophy is “LET PEOPLE SEEK FULFILLMENT.” __________________ 2. He is best known for the Socratic method of question and answer. He is known for his classic philosophy, “HAVE THE COURAGE TO DISAGREE.” __________________ 3. He was a fourth century Greek philosopher who taught that the aim of life was simply to be as happy as possible here on Earth. He is very famous for his “ART OF HAPPINESS.” __________________ 4. His prime belief was that a person must How the belief systems influence business practices A belief system is a set of principles or tenets which together form the basis of a religion, philosophy, or moral code. Historically, since the dawn of civilization, religious beliefs have been some of the most powerful influences on human behavior. This lesson defines religion and explores its impact on business practices. Religion is defined as a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs.  8 major religions in the world, namely, Judaism Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism Taoism  Each of these religions has its own organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and worship. Each religion offers positive endeavor in both lives and in business. In a global sense, business means dealing with people of different religions. Judaism The Jewish business ethics is illustrated by the widely quoted Talmudic tradition that in one’s judgment in the next world the first question asked is: “Were you honest in business?” Thus, in the treatment of workers, the Jews are obliged to pay their workers on time, pay their workers a living wage and treat their workers with dignity and respect. On the side of the workers, it is important not to steal company time. Christianity Christian businessmen and women follow the stewardship doctrine. Accordingly, as God appointed mankind as the stewards of the earth, the Lord entrusted them all to manage them with care and skill. Christian business professionals depend on the Lord’s leadership for their business by asking blessings through prayer to provide strategic direction, resources, earnings, etc. Christian business professionals also believed that the Lord delight in justice. Therefore, in conducting transaction, they must be fair, like paying the workers with fair wages and appropriate work conditions. Thus, it is not only biblical but most likely it improves business since employees will tend to work more and be productive and happy in their work. Being productive means, we use our knowledge and resources that the Lord has given to us. In the life of Christian business professionals, hard work is essential in conducting business profitably. Islam Prophet Muhammad’s doctrine on honesty and kind dealings with customers are the secrets of success in business. According to Islam, no fraud or deceit, sellers must avoid making many oaths when selling merchandise. Mutual consent is necessary. They are also strict when it comes to weights and measures. The prophet also for bade monopolies and a free enterprise is encouraged. Hoarding merchandise to increase the price is forbidden. Islam also requires being honest in dealings with Hinduism The third religion in the world by a number of believers mainly in India. The Tata Group is the most respected business house in India. The five core Tata values describe their business processes. 1.) Integrity is to conduct business fairly with honesty and transparency. 2.) Understanding is to care, show respect, compassion and humanity for colleagues. 3.) Excellence is to constantly strive to achieve the highest possible standards of work in the quality of goods and services. 4.) Unity is to work with colleagues and 5.) building a strong relationship across the group, and with customers and partners around the world, based on tolerance, Buddhism Work hard, no excuses, to those who do not want to work, they let their chance pass by. A good work ethics and a great attitude, very little will stand in your way. If you work hard, rest well, is one of the values of practicing Buddhism is a focus on centering and balance. The Buddhist practice of mindfulness can be a key to good business. Remember to be calm, and not to obsess too much about positive or negative feedback. Confucianism Confucian ethics are described as humanistic. Confucianism is the most profound and dynamic thought system in traditional Chinese culture. It is not surprising that traditional Chinese business culture was deeply associated with Confucianism. Taoism Taoists believe such good behavior is an essential part not only of self-improvement but of improving the world as a whole. Taoism suggests that the ideal way for a leader to run their country is by example. A good leader is one that the people respects and whose instructions Shintoism Work is understood to be a self-expression of the great life force, Japanese people try to unify themselves with the great life force by concentrating on their own work. For Japanese, the company name is more important than the job title, the community they belong to is much more important than what they do. Direction: Read the paragraph below. Give a brief answer to the following questions Rumors (Case prepared by Gov. Jose B. Fernandez Jr. Ethics Center, Ateneo de Manila, Philippines) A few months ago, Ms. A, Head of the Sales and Marketing Department of B Company, formally announced to her staff that she will be leaving the company in order to be able to concentrate on her family. Since she will be leaving, there is room for a promotion and that she would nominate their two top performers, Ms. C and Ms. D, to the HRMD. In an effort to give herself an upper hand, Ms. C closes deals with three big clients two days right after Ms. A’s announcement. Two weeks after Ms. A’s announcement, stories about Ms. C begin to make their rounds and quickly become the mainstay headlines of office gossip. The most scandalous rumor is that Ms. Coffers sexual services to her clients – both male and female – in order to close her sales. In the face of all these rumors, Ms. C continues to deliver excellent work. The time has come to promote the candidates. Based on performance, Ms. C is the better candidate but both could do the job. If you are the Manager, should you consider the rumors? What should you do? Business Practices  Most Filipinos are connected together with their beliefs, culture, tradition, characters, traits and common values. Values are first taught at home and are adapted and implemented in the society. It plays a vital role on the way we live, decide, choose and interprets our daily activities in life. In ethics, values denote the degree of importance of something or action, with the  Filipino values refer to the set of values that are significant and inclined with one’s culture. Like family, relatives, ancestors or friends. It preserves social harmony that promotes connection, unity and may understand set of people. It includes the inimitable collection of dependable philosophies, moral codes, ethical practices, etiquette, cultural and personal values encouraged by the family or the society they belong.  The management and sustainability of the business depends on the values and beliefs of the proprietor. In the Philippines, Filipino entrepreneurs may implement rules, practices and principles based on their values they had grown up with their family, learnt and adapted. The most popular Filipino values that influence business practices are the following: 1. Pakikisama (Fellowship) -The word “pakikisama” (fellowship) comes from the word “sama” and prefix “paki”,and literally means to accompany someone. - Fellowship is used to maintain good relations with others, and the fellowship is associated with adaptation, dealings and harmony. - In business practices, the proprietor must establish “pakikisama” to their employees, suppliers and customers because it implies closeness to the others Hospitality -Is the relationship between a guest and a host, wherein the host receives the guest with goodwill, including the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. -Entrepreneurs should master on how to treat and provide excellent services on welcoming their suppliers and customers to create a good reputation and relationship since hospitality plays the fundamental role to increase or decrease the volume of sales, popularity and production growth in a business. Family Orientation It refers to the family in which a person is raised. It includes one’s parents and siblings. It may also include grandparents or other relatives. It is a primary platform for which one encounters early socialization experiences. Values and beliefs can be learned from the family that will inculcate to a child as he/she matures into an adult.  Most of the successful entrepreneurs acquired and gained this ample knowledge in dealing with their business from their family. Consequently, they become well trained to manage their family business. Others inherit the skills not only from their family business but also the values and beliefs in managing and operating their business. Joy and Humor -Business operates and grow not only by means of profit and management. An entrepreneur operates business to find joy and happiness in his life. Helping people by promoting employment and providing quality product and services to their clients create a joyful feeling. - Filipino values always find reason to feel joy and has a sense of humor to establish camaraderie to others. It sheds light on the optimism and positivity of Filipinos in whatever situation they are in. - It serves as a coping technique to remain determined in every struggles or challenges in life and in Ability to Survive -A Filipino has a sense of resourcefulness or the ability to survive with whatever situation or challenges they have. - They have an extraordinary ability to create something out of almost nothing. - If a Filipino is trapped in an uninhabited island, he would still be able to find a safe area to stay, provide materials to build a house, find foods to eat and create different tools to survive. In business, if it is needed to promote and increase the volume of sales, a Filipino has always the ability to find different techniques, marketing strategies and ideas to perform and create a product in order for the business to Hard work and Industriousness -Filipinos are determined and persistent to accomplish whatever they have set in their minds. In business, hard work and industriousness play a vital role to establish and develop business progress. -They need employees who are willing to work over time, with minimal supervision and resourcefulness comes with a hard work to serve the business. Flexibility, Adaptability and Creativity A Filipino has an ability to adapt, adopt and adept in any changes and challenges in life either in spiritual, social, emotional and physical aspect. In business, unplanned and anticipated events in market would not disturb the flexibility and adaptability values of Filipino entrepreneurs. They could easily produce creative strategy, technique and style to adjust to challenges and compete Utang na Loob (Debt of Gratitude) -It shows duties and responsibility to pay the debts (utang) and return it with inner-self-free will (na-loob) the unsolicited gift or good treatment received from other people. An obligation to appropriately repay the good deeds which value is impossible to quantify or if there is a quantifiable value it may involve deeply personal internal dimension that will usually start from one generation and continue to another generation. In business, there are plenty of reasons that may influence the business practices, either positive or negative outcome that may vary with ethical issues. Filial Piety To show respect, love, care and support to their elders, parents, relatives and ancestors. It upholds the affection and display courtesy to the family that most cases are likely working together in one company; living together in one house; paying the house bills of their parents. It also takes good care of one’s parents and engage ingood conduct not just towards parents but also outside the home so as to bring a good name to one’s parents and ancestors. Padrino (Whom you know system) It supports with the strong relationship of people. Most of the job seekers automatically hired regardless of their qualifications and educational background through endorsements, political connections, family affiliations (nepotism) or friendships (cronyism). Suki It shows loyalty and trust relationship between a customer and supplier. It usually establishes at the market or business. If a buyer finds a trusted seller that offers a quality product they need, the loyalty and commercial connection of a buyer will be established to the seller and made several business transactions with their so called “suki”. Bahala Na The Bahala Na Filipino value shows letting things happen beyond their control. It shows an attitude of a person that is willing to submit everything to God or leaving things to happen by fate. Some of investors operate business beyond their control. They will only believe that the market will accept it if they will “do their best and let God do the rest.” Mañana -It comes from the Spanish word “Mañana” which literally means “tomorrow” or“ unspecified future time”. In business, the attitude that tends to delay the task, putting off tomorrow what they can do for today or postpone on the things that should be done right now may reduce volume of sales, loss customer trust and satisfaction, waste opportunities and interrupt the work flow. Amor Propio Is a Spanish word which means “self – love”, a sense of self- esteem or self-respect that prevents a person from swallowing his pride and concerned for one’s reputation. It includes sensitivity to personal